Night shift work and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study among 56 477 female nurses in the Netherlands.

Objectives: Night shift work has been classified as probably carcinogenic to humans, possibly related to suppression of melatonin secretion. Although experimental studies suggest that melatonin inhibits intestinal tumor proliferation, epidemiological evidence for a relationship between night shift work and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is lacking.

Methods: We prospectively examined the association between night shift work and CRC in the Nightingale Study.

Mental health effects of unemployment and re-employment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

This systematic review examined the impact of unemployment and re-employment on mental health problems (depression, anxiety and psychological distress) among working-age adults. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO and Web of Science (January 2012-March 2024) and included studies from a prior meta-analysis (1990-2012). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Capturing CO under Dry and Humid Conditions: When Does the Parent MOF Outperform the MTV MOF?

A key challenge in capturing CO from postcombustion gases is humidity due to competitive adsorption between CO and HO. Multivariate (MTV) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered a promising option to address this problem, e.g.

Food production from air: gas precision fermentation with hydrogen-oxidising bacteria.

The breach of six planetary boundaries highlights the need for sustainable food production. Aerobic hydrogen-oxidising bacteria (HOBs) convert atmospheric CO and green hydrogen (H) into biomass via gas fermentation, a process already used for food-grade single-cell protein production. This approach enables a supply chain independent of agriculture, requiring minimal land and water, with potential for carbon-neutral production and carbon capture.

Is the Time Right to Start Testing if Late-Onset Depression is Associated With the Development of an α-Synucleinopathy Like Parkinson's Disease? A Double Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by two neurobiological markers: pathological α-synuclein and/or a dopaminergic deficit. Depression is common in PD, and may precede motor signs, particularly in late-onset depression (LOD). We conducted two systematic reviews and a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between depression and PD development.

Association of intraoperative end-tidal CO levels with postoperative outcomes: a patient-level analysis of two randomised clinical trials.

Background: The relationship between intraoperative end-tidal CO (etCO) levels and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised trials in adults undergoing major surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methods: We re-analysed individual participant data comparing high or low positive end-expiratory pressure with low tidal volume intraoperative ventilation using a merged database derived from two randomised trials in non-obese (PROVHILO: ISRCTN70332574) and obese (PROBESE: NCT02148692) patients.

The renal baroreflex: A systematic review and meta-analysis in healthy and hypertensive animals.

The renal baroreflex describes the dose-dependent relation between renal pressure and renin release. Former studies have approximated this relation through animal experiments, but the exact shape of the response curve and its alteration by hypertension remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the renal baroreflex in healthy and hypertensive animals.

Introducing entrustable professional activities and competency-based development into workplace-based training within laboratory animal sciences.

Animals used in science and education should be used by competent laboratory animal science (LAS) staff, both for reasons of reproducibility and to safeguard animal welfare. In this article, we propose entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a structure to support and assess development of competence and valid entrustment decisions of persons working with laboratory animals in practice following, or in combination with, basic training. We propose the creation of a consensus framework and provide concepts that would encourage harmonisation in competence-based development.

Individual hearts: computational models for improved management of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with conventional management often applying standardised approaches that struggle to address individual variability in increasingly complex patient populations. Computational models, both knowledge-driven and data-driven, have the potential to reshape cardiovascular medicine by offering innovative tools that integrate patient-specific information with physiological understanding or statistical inference to generate insights beyond conventional diagnostics. This review traces how computational modelling has evolved from theoretical research tools into clinical decision support systems that enable personalised cardiovascular care.

Validating the PECARN rule to identify febrile infants at low risk of serious bacterial infections: an international validation study.

Objective: To externally validate the Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule for identifying febrile infants aged <60 days at low risk of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) and assess the utility of the rule with C reactive protein (CRP) instead of procalcitonin (PCT).

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the Management and Outcomes of Fever in Children in Europe (MOFICHE) study (12 paediatric emergency departments in eight European countries, January 2017 to April 2018) and a Swedish study (four paediatric emergency departments, January 2014 to December 2020). Previously healthy febrile infants aged ≤60 days were included.

How can cities accelerate, support and evaluate actions for active movement for health: protocol for CITY-MOVE, a multicase implementation research study in six cities in three continents.

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Physical inactivity, a key contributor to NCDs, is prevalent worldwide despite evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity (PA). Cities, while often associated with barriers to PA, also present unique opportunities to enhance PA through systemic, context-sensitive interventions or so-called actions.

Are we closing the gender gap in academic oncology? An observational study of gender disparities in participant engagement at the ASCO 2024 annual meeting.

Objective: Despite global efforts, gender disparities in oncology may persist. Understanding these disparities within the context of major conferences can inform strategies to promote gender inclusiveness in the field. This study evaluates the participation of women and men at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2024 congress, focusing on chairs, speakers and audience questioners.

Unifying serological testing for cold agglutinins.

Background And Objectives: Cold agglutinins (CAs) are immunoglobulin M autoantibodies that optimally bind to red blood cells at low temperatures. The clinical significance of CAs is usually characterized by the CA titre and thermal amplitude. However, there is no consensus on the optimal testing strategy.

Nutritionally Relevant Technological Advancements in Professional Cycling.

Technological innovations can provide cyclists and their support team additional data. These data have potential to improve understanding of performance determinants and could be used to identify and tailor nutritional strategies to improve cycling performance. This potential, however, is dependent on the quality, interpretation, and practical use of the data generated.

Authentic learning environments for critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills in clinical pharmacology: a scoping review.

Introduction: Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are crucial skills for healthcare professionals, particularly in clinical pharmacology, where decision making directly impacts patient care. However, there is a gap in the literature on how to foster these skills effectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map and examine the evidence of authentic learning environments in healthcare education in developing critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills in pharmacology.

Plaque Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Decision Rule for the Selection of Symptomatic Patients for Carotid Revascularisation: Clinician Perspectives on Acceptability and Implementation Barriers in the Netherlands.

Objective: The current selection of patients for carotid revascularisation is mainly based on neurological symptoms and the degree of carotid artery stenosis. Individualised MRI based PRediction scOre using plaque Vulnerability for symptomatic carotid artEry disease patients (IMPROVE) can identify high risk patients who may benefit from carotid revascularisation, based on intraplaque haemorrhage, stenosis severity, cerebral symptoms, sex, and age. For use in clinical trials and eventual practice, the decision rule must be acceptable to clinicians.

Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart valve prosthesis: a substudy from the LAAOS III Trial.

Objective: Societal guidelines recommend vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for atrial fibrillation patients with recent biological valve implantation, but the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in this setting remain uncertain, especially in the early postoperative period. This substudy of the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS) III trial aimed to compare thromboembolic and bleeding outcomes in patients discharged on VKAs versus DOACs after bioprosthesis implantation or mitral valve repair.

Methods: A total of 2,645 patients were included, with 461 discharged on DOACs and 2184 on VKAs.

Real-world use of terlipressin in cirrhosis and acute kidney injury: frequent use beyond hepatorenal syndrome.

Background & Aims: Terlipressin is indicated to treat hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-acute kidney injury (AKI), but is likely used outside this primary indication in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate real-world practice patterns on the use of terlipressin in AKI in cirrhosis.

Methods: International prospective study including patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis.

Minimum sample size calculation for radiomics-based binary outcome prediction models: Theoretical framework and practical example.

Background And Purpose: Determining the appropriate sample size for developing robust radiomics-based binary outcome prediction models and identifying the maximum number of predictors safely allowable within a fixed dataset size remain critical yet challenging tasks. This study aims to propose and demonstrate a structured method for addressing these issues, enhancing methodological rigor and practicality in radiomics research.

Materials And Methods: We introduce a comprehensive sample size calculation framework for binary outcome prediction models in radiomic studies.

Staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery for large brain metastases: Local control and the influence of systemic treatment.

Background And Purpose: Staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (SGKRS) delivers high-dose radiotherapy to large brain metastases (BM) in two or three fractions with a time interval of several weeks. Various systemic treatments have also demonstrated favorable intracranial responses. Therefore, the outcome of patients undergoing radiosurgery and systemic treatment for large BM is of high interest but unknown.

Design of an Automated Mobile Phone-Based Reminder and Incentive System: Application in a Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve the Timeliness of Childhood Vaccinations in Tanzania.

Background: The global penetration of mobile phones has offered novel opportunities for communicating health-related information to individuals. A low-cost system that facilitates autonomous communication with individuals via mobile phones holds potential for expanding the reach of health messaging in settings with human resource and infrastructure limitations.

Objective: We sought to design a flexible, low-code system using open-source software that could be adapted to different contexts and technical environments and accommodate a wide range of automation needs.

Bi-allelic deleterious variants in SNAPIN, which encodes a retrograde dynein adaptor, cause a prenatal-onset neurodevelopmental disorder.

Fetal brain anomalies identified by prenatal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging represent a considerable healthcare burden with ∼1-2/1,000 live births. To identify the underlying etiology, trio prenatal exome sequencing or genome sequencing (ES/GS) has emerged as a comprehensive diagnostic paradigm with a reported diagnostic rate up to ∼32%. Here, we report five unrelated families with six affected individuals that presented neuroanatomical, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies, all harboring rare, bi-allelic deleterious variants in SNAPIN, which encodes SNARE-associated protein.

Morally offensive scientific findings activate cognitive chicanery.

We document a mutually reinforcing set of belief-system defenses-cognitive chicanery-that transform "morally wrong" scientific claims into "empirically wrong" claims. Five experiments (four preregistered, N = 7040) show that when participants read identical abstracts that varied only in the sociomoral desirability of the conclusions, morally offended participants were likelier to (1) dismiss the writing as incomprehensible (motivated confusion); (2) deny the empirical status of the research question (motivated postmodernism); (3) endorse claims inspired by Schopenhauer's stratagems (The Art of Being Right) and the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) strategies for citizen-saboteurs; and (4) endorse a set of contradictory complaints, including that sample sizes are too small and that anecdotes are more informative than data, that the researchers are both unintelligent and crafty manipulators, and that the findings are both preposterous and old news. These patterns are consistent with motivated cognition, in which individuals seize on easy strategies for neutralizing disturbing knowledge claims, minimizing the need to update beliefs.

Adverse effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy: A neglected but urgent area of inquiry.

While Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is widely recognized as an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), its safety profile remains underexamined. This review critically evaluates the extent to which adverse effects are reported and monitored in EMDR research. We analyzed 51 randomized controlled trials from recent meta-analyses on EMDR for PTSD and found that only nine studies mentioned adverse effects, with just one employing systematic assessment protocols.