Brain Metabolite Concentrations in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease Before and After Cardiac Surgery.

The purpose of this study was to compare brain metabolite concentrations between healthy and CHD neonates before and after cardiac surgery. Healthy term newborns and neonates with CHD were recruited prospectively. T-weighted brain images and MRS data were acquired in the cerebellum, right frontal lobe and basal ganglia.

Perspective: Food Environment, Climate Change, Inflammation, Diet, and Health.

Human activities contribute to large shifts in the global climate, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, societies, and human health. Modern food systems-designed to produce convenience foods that tend to have high inflammatory potential-exacerbate environmental degradation and shape the interwoven challenges of climate, nutrition, and health. Over the past three decades, extreme weather has worsened and poor diets have led to more inflammation-related health problems-two parallel trends that are exposing system-wide weaknesses and harming global health.

Unravelling the "diabetes discrepancy": The presence of chronic complications is a hallmark of worse short-term outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Background: In transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), there is a notable "diabetes discrepancy", where worse/better/similar outcomes were all found for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Such divergent findings pose a challenge for clinicians to accurately assess the risks for DM patients undergoing TAVR. We hypothesized the presence of chronic complications could be linked to worse post-TAVR outcomes in DM patients.

A Distinct Immunological Signature in Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Insights from an Exploratory Proteomics Study.

Objective: Approximately 80% of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) have autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor, and clinical characteristics may vary between early-onset (symptom onset age <50 years) and late-onset MG (EOMG and LOMG), but the pathophysiological differences between EOMG and LOMG are not well established.

Methods: We performed an exploratory in-depth proteomics analysis examining 768 inflammatory proteins utilizing the baseline serum samples from the BeatMG study (NCT02110706). We performed pathway enrichment analysis to assess the pathways involved in LOMG.

Prematurity, Neonatal Complications, and the Development of Childhood Hypertension.

Importance: Preterm children face a higher risk of cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension. However, studies have not isolated the associations of prematurity with cardiovascular conditions from the associations of subsequent complications with cardiovascular conditions, especially among those admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Objective: To investigate prospective associations of prematurity and NICU complications with childhood hypertension while accounting for prenatal and perinatal factors.

Midline Catheters as an Alternative for Central Venous Catheters in Venous Pressure Monitoring: A Single Center Experience.

PurposeMidline catheters (ML) are long peripheral intravenous catheters placed in an upper extremity above the antecubital fossa via the basilic, cephalic, or brachial veins. These provide safe and comfortable long-term vascular access for critically ill patients. Central venous pressures (CVP) are obtained from central venous catheters (CVC) and are often used as resuscitation parameters.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Uptake, Toxicity, and Steroidogenesis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells Using a Multicellular in vitro Model.

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis, limited treatment options, and high recurrence rates. Surgery and mitotane-based chemotherapy remain the standard of care, and new treatment strategies are needed. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) offer promise as theranostic agents due to their modifiability for selective uptake and imaging.

Highly stable Cas9 promotes HBV genome destruction by antagonizing HSC70-mediated degradation.

As a naturally-existing adaptive immune system of prokaryotes against phages and foreign genetic materials, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used to combat with various viral infections. However, its ability to destroy the constantly replicating viral genome and subsequently clear viral infections still needs further improvement. This study found that Cas9 protein was mainly degraded through the chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA)-lysosome pathway in human cells, which was mediated by the binding between heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) and Cas9 protein.

Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Fractures Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 50 Years.

Introduction: With the expansion of total hip arthroplasty (THA) into younger populations, the number of periprosthetic fractures (PPF) seen amongst young patients is expected to increase. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors for PPF following THA in patients under 50 years.

Methods: In total, 270,986 patients were included in this study.

Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial Results Through 140 Weeks.

Background: Upadacitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults and adolescents; long-term efficacy and safety data beyond 1 year are needed.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of upadacitinib treatment through 140 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.

Methods: Measure Up 1 (MeUp1; NCT03569293), Measure Up 2 (MeUp2; NCT03607422), and AD Up (NCT03568318) are ongoing, phase 3, randomized clinical trials evaluating upadacitinib 15 mg (UPA15) and 30 mg (UPA30) in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD.

Biology of ovarian cancer: Models, microenvironment, and therapeutics: 15th Biennial Rivkin Center Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium.

The 15th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium presented by the Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer and the American Association for Cancer Research held on September 20-21, 2024, in Seattle, WA covered cutting-edge research on the etiology and pathobiology of ovarian cancer. Several sessions focused on novel therapies including targeting the immunosuppressive microenvironment and advances in early detection. In this article we provide an overview of the key findings presented in the biology of ovarian cancer session, which covered novel model systems that accurately represent the disease, features of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and advances in understanding the genomic landscape and biomarkers of response.

A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health.

Despite the proven safety of dystrophin-targeting phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) therapy, poor delivery of the PMOs limit the efficacy of this dystrophin restoring gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Limited myogenesis and excessive fibrosis in DMD are pathological features that contribute to the poor efficacy of PMOs. We show that the severe DMD mouse model (D2-) not only replicates these pathological features of DMD but also mirrors the resulting PMO-mediated dystrophin restoration deficit.

A Call for a Unified Database to Address Exposure Disparities in the United States.

United States (US) drinking water quality is federally regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) with the goal of ensuring clean, safe drinking water for the entire population. However, siting of pollution point sources in historically redlined communities with lower socioeconomic status and higher proportions of people of color adversely affects drinking water quality. Prior studies show higher concentrations of a suite of contaminants in small PWS, PWS in rural areas, and PWS serving greater proportions of people of color.

A semi-mechanistic mathematical framework for simulating multi-hormone dynamics in reproductive endocrinology.

Background: The dynamic interplay of ovarian hormones is central to reproductive physiology, yet the complexity of their cyclic variations poses challenges for analysis, simulation, and teaching. This study presents a framework for generating physiologically constrained, multi-hormone synthetic time series that capture intra- and inter-individual variability across phenotypes.

Methods: We developed a semi-mechanistic mathematical framework to generate synthetic multi-hormone profiles (estradiol, FSH, LH, AMH, testosterone, GnRH) using parametric equations embedding known physiological feedbacks (e.

Human immunodeficiency virus vulnerability and pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among adolescent girls and young women in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the HIV vulnerability and PrEP awareness among AGYW in Cameroon.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey in which 637 AGYW were recruited. We conducted descriptive and logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with HIV vulnerability and PrEP awareness.

Maladaptive trained immunity in viral infections.

Trained immunity (TRIM) is a form of long-lasting functional reprogramming of innate immune cells and their progenitors that enhances responsiveness to subsequent stimuli. Although first characterized in myeloid cells, TRIM was recently extended to nonmyeloid cell types, including endothelial and glial cells, which also exhibit stimulus-driven, memory-like behavior. While initially recognized as a protective mechanism, particularly in the context of vaccines and acute infections, TRIM can also become maladaptive, promoting chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and disease.

Predictors of learning and memory in pediatric critical congenital heart disease: the important role of working memory.

Learning and memory are crucial neuropsychological skills, linked with the development of play, adaptive skills, and academic functioning. Children and adolescents with critical congenital heart disease (cCHD) are at risk for a range of neurodevelopmental difficulties. Here, we examine visual and verbal learning and memory skills in a school-age sample of children and adolescents with cCHD, and explore how medical, neuropsychological, and social variables predict school-age learning and memory.

Directional flow of brain connections and neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy full-term newborns.

Objective: We examined whether directional flow among brain hubs in healthy-term infants is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age.

Methods: High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was collected within 72 h after birth. Neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive, language, and motor scores) were measured using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) at two years.

Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation May Be Correlated With Resolution of New Daily Persistent Headache.

New daily persistent headache is a chronic, treatment-resistant primary headache disorder with limited guidance on effective management. Despite its significant impact on headache-related quality of life, few studies have identified targeted therapies that contribute to symptom resolution. This study aims to describe the outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with new daily persistent headache and assess associations between specific interventions and headache resolution.

Exploring the effects of age and sex on sensory sensitivities in middle and older aged autistic adults.

Purpose: Although sensory sensitivities are common among autistic people, few studies have explored how they may be impacted by ageing. Little is known about the experiences of autistic people across adulthood or about the experiences of people assigned female-at-birth. Some results suggest that autistic people assigned female-at-birth report more sensory sensitivities, but little is known about experiences in middle-aged and older autistic people assigned female-at-birth.

Organ Failure, Endotoxin Activity, and Mortality in Septic Shock.

Importance: The relationship between endotoxin activity, organ failure, and mortality is not well understood.

Objective: To test whether the combination of endotoxin activity and organ failure identifies patients at higher risk of death from sepsis and determine the relationship to previously described sepsis phenotypes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective observational study in four ICUs enrolling critically ill patients with septic shock.