Chlorophylls and β-carotene in Spirulina platensis Dietary Supplements: Nano Liquid Chromatography Versus Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Establishing Composition, Quality Control, and Comparison of Commercial Products.

Spirulina is considered a superfood due to its chlorophylls. Two new methods for the determination of chlorophylls and β-carotene were developed here, one based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled online to nanoliquid chromatography (nanoLC) with diode array detection (DAD), and the other on ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). A protocol to extract the pigments from spirulina was proposed using ethanol (1.

Ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy in one or two sessions for localized prostate cancer: a review of the evidence and future perspectives.

This narrative review analyzes current evidence comparing single-session and two-session approaches in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. These ultra-hypofractionated strategies deliver high-precision ablative doses while minimizing exposure to normal tissues. SBRT regimens with fewer than five fractions show tumor control comparable to conventional treatments, offering reduced treatment burden and increased convenience.

Evaluation of the efficiency of cyclodextrin polymers as sustainable sampling material for catching palytoxin-like compounds in seawater.

Palytoxin-like compounds, including ovatoxins, are potent emerging toxins responsible for human respiratory poisonings following inhalation of contaminated marine aerosols. Periodic massive proliferations of the ovatoxin-producing organism (Ostreopsis cf. ovata) worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean, have caused severe toxic outbreaks, drawing the attention of health authorities.

The influence of pure tacts and intraverbals on the transfer of verbal learning to new stimuli: Aan experimental study in children.

This study investigates learning transfer processes in the teaching of pure tacts and intraverbals within the context of verbal behavior. The objectives were: to assess whether training pure tacts and intraverbals, through the inclusion of different stimuli, facilitates learning transfer to new impure tacts, and to determine whether one of these verbal operants (pure tact or intraverbal) better promotes learning transfer. The sample included 54 children aged 11-12 years, using a within-subjects experimental design with pre-post measures.

Harmonizing mouse anatomy terminology: a common language?

The mouse remains the principal animal model for investigating human diseases due, among other reasons, to its anatomical similarities to humans. Despite its widespread use, the assumption that mouse anatomy is a fully established field with standardized and universally accepted terminology is misleading. Many phenotypic anatomical annotations do not refer to the authority or origin of the terminology used, while others inappropriately adopt outdated or human-centric nomenclature.

The emergence of globular clusters and globular-cluster-like dwarfs.

Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest and densest stellar systems in the Universe, yet how they form remains a mystery. Here we present a suite of cosmological simulations in which both dark-matter-free GCs and dark-matter-rich dwarf galaxies naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology. We show that these objects inhabit distinct locations in the size-luminosity plane and that they have similar ages, age spread, metallicity and metallicity spread to globulars and dwarfs in the nearby Universe.

Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars.

The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures. Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater's western edge, Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively.

Energy deficiency selects crowded live epithelial cells for extrusion.

Epithelial cells work collectively to provide a protective barrier, yet they turn over rapidly through cell division and death. If the numbers of dividing and dying cells do not match, the barrier can vanish, or tumours can form. Mechanical forces through the stretch-activated ion channel Piezo1 link both of the processes; stretch promotes cell division, whereas crowding triggers live cells to extrude and then die.

Fluctuating DNA methylation tracks cancer evolution at clinical scale.

Cancer development and response to treatment are evolutionary processes, but characterizing evolutionary dynamics at a clinically meaningful scale has remained challenging. Here we develop a new methodology called EVOFLUx, based on natural DNA methylation barcodes fluctuating over time, that quantitatively infers evolutionary dynamics using only a bulk tumour methylation profile as input. We apply EVOFLUx to 1,976 well-characterized lymphoid cancer samples spanning a broad spectrum of diseases and show that initial tumour growth rate, malignancy age and epimutation rates vary by orders of magnitude across disease types.

BMAL1-TRIM28 represses transposable elements independently of CLOCK in pluripotent cells.

Circadian oscillations of gene transcripts rely on a negative feedback loop executed by the activating BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimer and its negative regulators PER and CRY. Although circadian rhythms and CLOCK protein are mostly absent during embryogenesis, the lack of BMAL1 during prenatal development causes an early aging phenotype during adulthood, suggesting that BMAL1 performs an unknown non-circadian function during organism development that is fundamental for healthy adult life. Here, we show that BMAL1 interacts with TRIM28 and facilitates H3K9me3-mediated repression of transposable elements in naïve pluripotent cells, and that the loss of BMAL1 function induces a widespread transcriptional activation of MERVL elements, 3D genome reorganization and the acquisition of totipotency-associated molecular and cellular features.

The maximum T of conventional superconductors at ambient pressure.

The theoretical maximum critical temperature (T) for conventional superconductors at ambient pressure remains a fundamental question in condensed matter physics. Through analysis of electron-phonon calculations for over 20,000 metals, we critically examine this question. We find that while hydride metals can exhibit maximum phonon frequencies of more than 5000 K, the crucial logarithmic average frequency rarely exceeds 1800 K.

Mixed functional consequences of the N651D variant: a case of early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with parkinsonism.

Rare variants in , the gene encoding the GluA3 subunit of amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), are associated with defects in early brain development. Disease-causing variants are generally categorised as either loss of function (LoF) or gain of function (GoF) that appear to be linked to different symptoms. Here, we reported a de novo variant (N651D) that has mixed LoF and GoF in a female patient with a devastating developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, parkinsonism and cortical malformation.

Systematic video analysis of ACL tear patterns in Spanish professional female football players: Neurocognitive errors as targets for prevention.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the mechanisms, injury patterns, biomechanics and neurocognitive factors of anterior cruciate ligament tears in professional female Spanish football players during training and competitive matches.

Design: Systematic video-analysis observational study.

Methods: Four hundred and sixty-one players from 16 teams of the Spanish top division (Liga F) were tracked over three consecutive seasons (2021/2022 to 2023/2024).

Frequency, risk and impact measures in epidemiology.

The results of epidemiological studies should be expressed in terms of measures of health or disease. This article reviews the key frequency, risk and impact measures, which can be estimated using proportions, ratios or rates, depending on the specific context. It discusses which measures are appropriate for a study based on its design.

Association of intraoperative end-tidal CO levels with postoperative outcomes: a patient-level analysis of two randomised clinical trials.

Background: The relationship between intraoperative end-tidal CO (etCO) levels and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised trials in adults undergoing major surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methods: We re-analysed individual participant data comparing high or low positive end-expiratory pressure with low tidal volume intraoperative ventilation using a merged database derived from two randomised trials in non-obese (PROVHILO: ISRCTN70332574) and obese (PROBESE: NCT02148692) patients.

Electronegative LDL strongly induces LRP1 release from human monocytes and macrophages.

Background: Electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) is a circulant modified LDL with inflammatory properties whose proportion raises in ischemic events. The soluble form of LDL receptor related protein 1 (sLRP1) increases in blood in pathological situations, including ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the effect of LDL(-) on sLRP1 release from monocytes and macrophages.

Influence of alcohol consumption on resilience, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem in army personnel: A cross-sectional study.

Military personnel face physical and psychological challenges that may contribute to unhealthy behaviors, such as alcohol consumption. This study aimed to analyze the psychological variables of emotional intelligence, resilience, and self-esteem among Spanish Army personnel, as well as their relationship with the daily consumption or non-consumption of at least one alcoholic beverage. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 739 military personnel, with a mean age of 33.

Modeling neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Animal-based strategies.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, trailing only Alzheimer´s disease. It currently affects nearly 3 % of individuals aged 65 and above. The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by a chronic neuroinflammatory process, which is responsible for both motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia) and non-motor symptoms (depression, dysphagia, anxiety, constipation, and anosmia).

Generation of humanized bone for disease modeling using porcine adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds and human dental pulp stem cells.

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) represent a remarkable cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, offering significant potential for use in personalized medicine and autologous therapies. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biological scaffolds show excellent properties for supporting cell delivery and growth in both in vitro and in vivo applications. These scaffolds provide essential biochemical cues that regulate cellular functions and offer a more accurate representation of the in vivo environment.

Experimental model of unilateral ureteral obstruction reproduces key events of chronic kidney disease: From mice to humans.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is currently a serious global health problem, due to its high risk of progression, prevalence and mortality. It not only affects the kidneys but also causes multi-organ damage. Moreover, there is no effective pharmacological treatment, and the only available alternatives are dialysis or transplantation, both of which impose a significant financial burden on healthcare systems.

Methodology and evaluation of the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine preclinical model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by a severe and progressive demyelinating process. It is considered a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder driven by immune cell infiltration, overproduction of cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that leads to axonal and neuronal injury. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used pre-clinical model of multiple sclerosis (MS), since it resembles many aspects of the human disease.

Characterization of mutants of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum.

The present study focuses on the phenotypic characterization of several mutants of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, obtained from a transposon mutant library. This Gram-negative bacterium is the etiological agent of the "cold water disease", pathology that usually affects salmonids, mainly Oncorhynchus mykiss. This microorganism is considered a "fastidious bacterium" due to the difficulty to isolate it.

Safety climate, safety behaviors, and workplace accidents: What are the mechanisms? A multi-level lagged study.

Introduction: Occupational safety is managed by multiple stakeholders at different levels within organizations. Leveraging theory and insights from previous occupational health and safety research, this study formulated and tested hypotheses concerning the interplay between safety climates generated by a team's supervisor and coworkers, workers' individual psychological processes (i.e.