Photoinduced Catalytic Organic-Hydride Transfer to CO Mediated with Ruthenium Complexes as NAD /NADH Redox Couple Models.

The catalytic organic-hydride transfer to CO was first achieved through the photoinduced two-electron reduction of the [Ru(bpy) (pbn)] /[Ru(bpy) (pbnHH)] (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, pbn=2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[b]-1,5-naphthyridine, and pbnHH=2-(pyridin-2-yl)-5,10-dihydrobenzo[b]-1,5-naphthyridine) redox couple in the presence of 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH). The active species for the catalytic hydride transfer to carbon dioxide giving formate is [Ru(bpy)(bpy⋅ )(pbnHH)] formed by one-electron reduction of [Ru(bpy) (pbnHH)] with BI⋅.

Does the eight-factor "power to live" in disaster exist since childhood?

Background: Studies on the survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami have revealed eight factors, called power to live, which are closely related to resilience and effective coping after intense and prolonged stress. However, whether the eight factors, which were examined in adults, are applicable to children is unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the eight-factor structure of power to live was present since late childhood.

Rheological Behavior and Dynamic Mechanical Properties for Interpretation of Layer Adhesion in FDM 3D Printing.

Commercial filaments of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with particulate filler, carbon fiber, and copper powder with different contents were fabricated by FDM 3D printing in XZ-direction at bed temperatures of 45 °C and 60 °C. The effects of additives and bed temperatures on layer adhesion, fracture behavior, and mechanical performance of the PLA composites 3D printing were evaluated. Rheological properties informed viscous nature of all filaments and interface bonding in the PLA composites, which improved printability and dimensional stability of the 3D printing.

Synthesis of salicylic acid phenylethyl ester (SAPE) and its implication in immunomodulatory and anticancer roles.

Salicylic acid phenylethyl ester (SAPE) was synthesized by Zn(OTf)-catalyzed selective esterification of salicylic acid and phenylethyl alcohol and studied for its role as an immunomodulatory and anticancer agent. Low toxicity and favorable physical, Lipinski-type, and solubility properties were elucidated by ADME-tox studies. Molecular docking of SAPE against COX-2 revealed favorable MolDockscore, rerank score, interaction energy, internal pose energy, and hydrogen bonding as compared to ibuprofen and indomethacin.

Cicada-Wing-Inspired Nanopillar Hydrogels Consisting of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly(methacrylic acid) for Capturing Bacteria through Their Flexibility and Wide Range of Motion.

The human race has learned about countering bacterial infection from other living organisms. In this study, cicada-wing-inspired hydrophilic nanopillars were prepared using commercially available porous alumina templates without the use of specialized equipment and additional materials. Hydrophilic polymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (poly(MAAc)) were used to construct these nanopillars.

Digold(I) Thianthrenyl Complexes. Effect of Diphosphine Ligands on Molecular Structures in the Solid State and in Solution.

A series of digold complexes possessing two thianthrenyl ligands, Au(Thi)(PhP(CH) PPh) (Thi: 1-thianthrenyl; : = 1, : = 2, : = 3, : = 4), were prepared and characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic measurements. X-ray crystallography of complexes and revealed U-shaped structures with short Au-Au distances [3.2171(3) Å and 3.

Torsional Vibration Tests of Extruded Polystyrene with Improved Accuracy in Determining the Shear Modulus.

Recently, extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam has been used as a component of construction materials; therefore, it is important to characterize its mechanical properties, including shear modulus. Despite the importance, it is often difficult to determine the shear modulus accurately by using many of the conventional methods; therefore, it is desirable to establish another method to measure the shear modulus with a high accuracy. Among various methods, torsional vibration test is advantageous because it can be performed easily under the pure shear stress condition in the test sample and both the in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli can be obtained.

Ferrocene-Containing Pseudorotaxanes in Crystals: Aromatic Interactions with Hammett Correlation.

Single crystals of pseudorotaxanes, [(FcCHNHCHAr)(DB24C8)][PF] (DB24C8 = dibenzo[24]crown-8, Fc = Fe(CH)(CH), Ar = -CH-3,4-Cl, -CH-3,4-F, -CH-4-F, -CH-4-Cl, -CH-4-Br, -CH-3-F-4-Me, -CH-4-I) and [(FcCHNHCHCH-4-Me)(DB24C8)][Ni(dmit)] (dmit = 1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-dithiolate), were obtained from solutions containing DB24C8 and ferrocenylmethyl(arylmethyl)ammonium. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the pseudorotaxanes revealed that the aryl ring of the axle moiety and the catechol ring of the macrocyclic component were at close centroid distances and parallel or tilted orientation. The structures with parallel aromatic rings showed correlation of the distances between the centroids to Hammett substituent constants of the aryl groups.

New acetogenin katsuurallene from Laurencia saitoi collected from Katsuura, Japan.

We examined the chemical constitution of the red alga Laurencia saitoi Perestenko, collected from Katsuura, Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This specimen produced a new polyhalogenated acetogenin, named katsuurallene (1), which structure was determined by the spectral methods, along with known diterpene, deoxyparguerol (2) and triterpene, thyrsiferol (3). In this paper we describe the structural elucidation of katsuurallene together with some biological activities.

Auditory Subjective-Straight-Ahead Blurs during Significantly Slow Passive Body Rotation.

This paper reports on the deterioration in sound-localization accuracy during listeners' head and body movements. We investigated the sound-localization accuracy during passive body rotations at speeds in the range of 0.625-5 °/s.

Periodic Expansion and Contraction Phenomena in a Pendant Droplet Associated with Marangoni Effect.

A spontaneous oscillation between the expansion and contraction of a nitrobenzene pendant droplet containing di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) was observed in an aqueous phase under alkaline conditions. We described this phenomenon as the spontaneous oscillation of the oil-water interfacial tension. The oscillation characteristics such as the induction period and the interfacial-tension oscillation frequency were investigated under different temperatures and aqueous phase polarities.

Boron-Doped Edges as Active Sites for Water Adsorption in Activated Carbons.

Investigating the surface properties of heteroatom-doped carbon materials is essential because these versatile materials have found use in a variety of energy and environmental applications; an understanding of these properties would also lead to an improved appreciation of the direct interaction between the reactant and the functionalized surface. Herein, we explore the effect of boron (B) doping on the surface properties of activated carbon (AC) materials based on their water adsorption behavior and oxygen reduction reaction. In the high-temperature B doping process, B-doped AC materials at 1400 °C exhibit an open pore structure with B-O bonds, whereas at a temperature of 1600 °C, a nonporous structure containing a large amount of B-C bonds prevails.

Self-help and mutual assistance in the aftermath of a tsunami: How individual factors contribute to resolving difficulties.

Self-aid and mutual assistance among victims are critical for resolving difficulties in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, but individual facilitative factors for such resolution processes are poorly understood. To identify such individual factors in the background (i.e.

Two New Halogenated Compounds from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia nipponica Yamada from the Kunashiri and Etorofu Islands.

The red alga Laurencia nipponica comprises various chemical races distributed relative to the ocean current in Japanese coastal areas. We investigated the chemical compositions and chemical races of L. nipponica distributed from the Kunashiri and Etorofu Islands, the confluence of the Soya warm current and Oya-shio cold current.

Fabrication of Cationic Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films Cross-Linked Using Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium Cations, Benzoxaborole, and Carboxy Groups.

Water-insoluble cationic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were fabricated using a mixed aqueous solution of PVA and poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (METAC)--methacrylic acid (MAAc)--5-methacrylamido-1,2-benzoxaborole (MAAmBO)) copolymer (3D). The surface of the PVA film is typically negatively charged, and simple fabrication methods for water-insoluble PVA films with cationic surface charges are required to expand their application fields. METAC, which has a permanent positive charge owing to the presence of a quaternary ammonium cation, was selected as the cationic unit.

Terpenoids from Marine Soft Coral of the Genus in 1977 to 2019.

Members of the marine soft coral genus are rich in a diversity of diterpenes. A total of 199 terpenes consisting of 14 sesquiterpenes, 180 diterpenes, and 5 steroids have been reported to date. Xenicane diterpenes were reported to be the most common chemical skeleton biosynthesized by members of this genus.

Sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: Effect of the critical micelle concentration in the interfacial region of the cavity.

Ionic surfactants tend to accumulate in the interfacial region of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles (cavities) because of their surface active properties and because they are difficult to evaporate in cavitation bubbles owing to their extremely low volatilities. Hence, sonolysis of ionic surfactants is expected to occur in the interfacial region of the cavity. In this study, we performed sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and nonionic.

Development of Thermo-Responsive Polycaprolactone-Polydimethylsiloxane Shrinkable Nanofibre Mesh.

A thermally activated shape memory polymer based on the mixture of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was fabricated into the nanofibre mesh using the electrospinning process. The added percentages of the PDMS segment in the PCL-based polymer influenced the mechanical properties. Polycaprolactone serves as a switching segment to adjust the melting temperature of the shape memory electro-spun PCL-PDMS scaffolds to our body temperature at around 37 °C.

Mechanism for sonochemical reduction of Au(III) in aqueous butanol solution under Ar based on the analysis of gaseous and water-soluble products.

When an aqueous Au(III) solution containing 1-butanol was sonicated under Ar, Au(III) was reduced to Au(0) to form Au particles. This is because various reducing species are formed during sonication, but the reactivity of these species has not yet been evaluated in detail. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effects of Au(III) on the rates of the formation of gaseous and water-soluble compounds (CH, CH, CH, CH, CO, CO, H, HO, and aldehydes), and the rate of Au(III) reduction as a function of 1-butanol concentration.

Trusting Other Vehicles' Automatic Emergency Braking Decreases Self-Protective Driving.

Objective: We focused on drivers in close proximity to vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). We examined whether the belief that an approaching vehicle is equipped with automatic emergency braking (AEB) influences behavior of those drivers.

Background: In addition to benefits of ADAS, previous studies have demonstrated negative behavioral adaptation, that is, behavioral changes after introduction of ADAS, by its users.

The effectiveness of distraction lengthening in traumatic hand amputation with Ilizarov mini fixator.

Background: Bone distraction lengthening has been used for hand reconstruction. The healing process involved in this technique is affected by many factors. Here, the effectiveness and rates of healing of the phalanges and the metacarpals were evaluated in cases of traumatic finger amputation treated using an Ilizarov mini-fixator.

A New Epi-neoverrucosane-type Diterpenoid from the Liverwort Pleurozia subinflata in Borneo.

New bioactive 13-epi-neoverrucosane diterpenoid, 5β-acetoxy-13-epi-neoverrucosanic acid (1) along with three known secondary metabolites, 13-epi-neoverrucosan-5β-ol (2), chelodane (3) and (E)-β-farnesene (4) were isolated from the MeOH extract of east Malaysia's liverwort Pleurozia subinflata. The chemical structure of new compound was elucidated by the analyses of its spectroscopic data (FTIR, NMR and HR-ESI-MS). These epi-neoverrucosane-type compounds seem to be notable chemosystematic markers for P.

Survival-oriented personality factors are associated with various types of social support in an emergency disaster situation.

Mutual help is common in human society, particularly during a disaster. The psychological processes underlying such social support are of interest in social and evolutionary psychology, as well as in the promotion of community resilience. However, research in terms of personality factors or support types is sporadic and has yet to address actual emergency situations.

Transition of the Bacterial Community and Culturable Chitinolytic Bacteria in Chitin-treated Upland Soil: From Streptomyces to Methionine-auxotrophic Lysobacter and Other Genera.

Chitin amendment is an agricultural management strategy for controlling soil-borne plant disease. We previously reported an exponential decrease in chitin added to incubated upland soil. We herein investigated the transition of the bacterial community structure in chitin-degrading soil samples over time and the characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria in order to elucidate changes in the chitinolytic bacterial community structure during chitin degradation.