Right-brain utilization in pharmacists' dispensing processes: an eye-tracking analysis of efficiency and safety using error-induction models.

Background: Dispensing errors associated with "same-name drugs" and "similar-name drugs" are common, negatively affecting patients. Using two pairs of error-induction models, this study analyzed pharmacists' gaze movements while dispensing by an eye-tracking method to interpret their thought processes. Thus, we aimed to assess the efficiency and safety of dispensing processes by examining right-brain function using error-induction models.

A pilot study of gut mucosal and faecal microbiota in rectal cancer: associations with histological response and adverse events following preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Aim: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is administered for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, its efficacy and toxicity vary among patients. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the gut microbiota and the effectiveness and adverse events of CRT.

Methods: This prospective study included 21 patients with LARC with no history of antibiotic or probiotic administration for 6 months.

The Relationship Between Bacterial Flora in Saliva and Esophageal Mucus and Endoscopic Severity in Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by esophageal dysfunction and eosinophilic inflammation of the esophageal mucosa. In this study, we investigated the bacterial flora in saliva and esophageal mucus in patients with EoE and examined the relationship between EoE disease activity and mucosal cytokine expression, involving patients with active and inactive EoE (A-EoE and I-EoE, respectively). A-EoE was defined as a peak eosinophil count > 15/high-power field, according to the 2025 consensus guidelines.

Association between enteral nutrition initiation within 48 h of intubation and 90-day mortality in patients with severe acute heart failure requiring mechanical circulatory support: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: We explored the association between the initiation of enteral nutrition within 48 h of intubation and 90-day mortality in patients with severe acute heart failure requiring mechanical circulatory support.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute heart failure who were admitted to the critical care unit and underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical circulatory support. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between early enteral nutrition and 90-day mortality.

The DUF1669 domain of FAM83H is required for its localization to nuclear speckles.

Autosomal-dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI) is caused by mutations in the FAM83H gene. Mutated FAM83H genes encode truncated FAM83H proteins with amino acid lengths between amino acids 1-286 and 1-693, in contrast to wild-type FAM83H (1-1179). Deletion of the C-terminus of FAM83H results in its subcellular translocation from the cytoplasmic compartment to the nuclear speckles, where splicing factors accumulate.

Pharmacovigilance study of immunomodulatory drug-related adverse events using spontaneous reporting system databases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the country-specific reporting status profile of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs)-related adverse events (ImrAEs) in real-world clinical practice, using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) databases. Immunomodulatory drugs, including thalidomide and its derivatives, are a new class of anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. IMiD risk management programs have instituted sufficient measures to prevent fetal effects but do not address adverse effects experienced by patients themselves.

Memantine Exacerbates Trimethyltin-Induced Neurodegeneration and Delays Cognitive Impairment Recovery.

Trimethyltin (TMT), a type of organotin compound, induces neuronal loss in specific brain regions and cognitive impairments. These changes are transient and followed by recovery, thereby indicating a model of transient brain damage. Memantine (MEM) has neuroprotective properties.

Novel three-dimensional analysis method for accurate evaluation of cutaneous small sensory nerve fibers in mice.

Intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density is commonly evaluated to diagnose peripheral neuropathy. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) analysis using rodent models shows high interstudy variability. Three-dimensional (3D) IENF analysis has been proposed for human skin biopsies because the spatial location of each nerve can be easily determined.

Fertilization mechanisms in hermaphroditic ascidians and nematodes: Common mechanisms with mammals and plants.

Most animals have male and female, whereas flowering plants are hermaphrodites. Exceptionally, a small population of invertebrates, including ascidians and nematodes, has hermaphrodite in reproductive strategies. Several ascidians exhibit strict self-sterility (or self-incompatibility), similar to flowering plants.

Characterization of the gut phageome of Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis under endoscopic remission.

This study aimed to analyze the gut phageome in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in endoscopic remission. Fecal samples were collected from 35 UC patients and 22 healthy controls. The gut microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and the phageome was profiled through shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Impact of Composition of Lipid-Based Formulations on First-Pass Drug Metabolism after Oral Administration.

This study aimed to elucidate the drug absorption mechanisms after oral administration of lipid-based formulations (LBFs), emphasizing the impact of their composition on first-pass drug metabolism. Ketoconazole (KTZ), a CYP3A substrate, was loaded into two types of LBFs: a long-chain LBF (type II-LC) and a lipid-free formulation (type IV). Following oral administration of type II-LC, the systemic exposure of KTZ was lower compared to that for the type IV and a control suspension.

Adaptive evolution of sesquiterpene deoxyphomenone in mycoparasitism by associated with horizontal gene transfer from species.

Unlabelled: Leaf mold caused by the ascomycete fungus is a devastating disease of tomato plants. The mycoparasitic fungus is an effective biocontrol agent that parasitizes hyphae on leaves and secretes 13-deoxyphomenone, an eremophilane-type sesquiterpene, which was also identified as a sporulation-inducing factor in . Here, we identified deoxyphomenone biosynthesis () gene clusters conserved in both and section , including and .

Rapid development of naked malting barley germplasm through targeted mutagenesis.

Unlabelled: Covered barley () has historically been preferred for malting, as the husk in this plant protects the embryo during harvest and acts as a filter during brewing. Naked barley, which is typically used as food, has the potential to be used in brewing due to recent technical advances, but the grains contain higher levels of β-glucan and polyphenols, which are undesirable in brewing. Introducing the naked trait into brewing cultivars through crossing is time-consuming due to the need to eliminate these undesirable traits.

Ezetimibe alters micelle structure and reduces Niemann-Pick C1-like 1-mediated absorption of vitamins E and K in CaCo-2 cells.

Ezetimibe (EZE) is known to inhibit cholesterol absorption by targeting Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1). However, its effects on the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, such as Vitamin E and Vitamin K, remain unclear. This study investigates how EZE impacts micellar properties and vitamin absorption.

Associations between the Intakes of Plant Foods and Coronary Artery Disease in Japanese Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.

Several Japanese cohort studies have reported that the intakes of plant foods, such as vegetables, fruits, seaweed, and soy products, are inversely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. We investigated the association between CAD and the intakes of plant foods in 802 Japanese patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Omega-3 Index in Female Athlete.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have unique properties that benefit female athletes. No study has examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and omega-3 index. Therefore, we investigated the association between the DII and omega-3 index.

Causal Association Between the Mucosal and Luminal Microbiotas from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Weaned Piglets Using Bayesian Network.

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiota composition and its potential interactions across seven gut locations (stomachs, jejuna, ilea, ceca, proximal colons, distal colons, and recta) in weaned pigs to identify key influencing microbiotas. To compare between microbiota compositions, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed. Six 70-day-old healthy crossbred (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) piglets were introduced as donors.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor, FG4592, Induces Endogenous Metallothionein3 Expression in Human Neuronal Cell Line, ReNcell CX Cells.

Metallothionein (MT) is a small-molecule protein that functions in essential trace element homeostasis. Among MT isoforms, MT3 is involved in neuronal activity, and its expression is reported to be decreased in patients with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease; however, only a few effective drugs have been reported to induce MT3 expression. In this study, we evaluated existing drugs for the induction of MT3 expression in the neuronal cell line of ReNcell CX cells.

Antimycin A induces light hypersensitivity of PSII in the presence of quinone QB-site binding herbicides.

Photosynthetic electron transport consists of linear electron flow and 2 cyclic electron flow (CEF) pathways around PSI (CEF-PSI). PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5)-dependent CEF-PSI is thought to be the major CEF-PSI pathway and an important regulator of photosynthetic electron transfer. Antimycin A (AA) is commonly recognized as an inhibitor of PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI in photosynthesis.

Darbepoetin alfa enhances exercise performance in trained mice in a sex-specific manner.

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) increase hemoglobin mass and maximal oxygen uptake; however, it remains unclear whether the abuse of ESAs enhances exercise performance. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of darbepoetin alfa (DPO), a long-acting erythropoietin analog, on exercise performance in trained male and female mice. Exercise performance was assessed as the number of arrivals at the halfway line of a flow rate-adjustable swimming pool.

Broadened substrate specificity of bacterial dipeptidyl-peptidase 7 enables release of half of all dipeptide combinations from peptide N-termini.

Dipeptide production mediated by dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)4, DPP5, DPP7, and DPP11 plays a crucial role in growth of , a periodontopathic asaccharolytic bacterium. Given the particular P1-position specificity of DPPs, it has been speculated that DPP5 or DPP7 might be responsible for degrading refractory P1 amino acids, , neutral (Thr, His, Gly, Ser, Gln) and hydrophilic (Asn) residues. The present results identified DPP7 as an entity that processes these residues, thus ensuring complete production of nutritional dipeptides in the bacterium.

Efficient nose-to-brain delivery of nine residues peptide (JAL-TA9) exhibiting hydrolytic activity against amyloid-β.

JAL-TA9 (YKGSGFRMI), is a 9-residue catalytic peptide that cleaves amyloid β (Aβ) 42. Nasal administration was chosen to bypass the blood-brain barrier for efficient brain delivery of JAL-TA9 to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma clearance of JAL-TA9 after intravenous bolus injection in rats was very rapid, with a half-life of <1 min.

High Plasma Levels of Sestrin2 Are Associated with Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.

Atherosclerotic diseases, like coronary artery disease (CAD), are recognized to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein that has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We previously reported that plasma sestrin2 levels were high in patients with CAD.

Enhanced oral insulin delivery with charge-reversible lipid nanoparticles.

Oral insulin has therapeutic advantages, as it can mimic the endogenous insulin pathway and relieve patients from daily self-injections. Among the many investigated oral insulin delivery systems, lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based drug delivery systems are considered promising platforms for improving oral insulin absorption due to their unique in vivo properties and high design flexibility. However, challenges such as toxicity and low oral bioavailability persist.