Reversible oxidative modifications partially cause myofibrillar active and passive force decline in early phase of immobilization.

Muscle immobilization leads to a decrease in muscle fiber size and contractile function, partly due to a decline in myofibrillar force. In this study, we examined the effects of reversible oxidative modifications on the decline of myofibrillar function during the early phase of immobilization. One leg of male C57BL6 mice was immobilized for 3 and 7 days, while contralateral leg was used as a non-treated (NT) control.

Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy During and After Pregnancy-A Nationwide Matched-Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of treatment of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (DR) defined as panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative DR or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) during and after pregnancy compared with nonpregnant control participants.

Research Design And Methods: This was a matched cohort study of women with type 1 diabetes who gave birth in 2013-2022 and who had DR levels recorded in the national Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy during and after pregnancy. Control participants consisted of nonpregnant women with type 1 diabetes, individually matched by baseline DR level.

Effect of Antimicrobial Divalent Metal Cations Onto Oxidized Surface of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Films on Biodegradability in Seawater.

Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrare-co-(R)-3-hydroxypivalate] (P(3HB-co-3HPi)) films, a type of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), are oxidized using photoactivated chlorine dioxide radical (ClO•) gas to generate carboxyl groups and loaded with divalent metal cations, including Cu, Zn, and Ca ions, via ionic interactions. The P(3HB-co-3HPi) films loaded with Cu ions exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) compared with untreated P(3HB-co-3HPi) films. In seawater, the biodegradation of these Cu and Zn-loaded films is initially inhibited by the antimicrobial activity of the cations and occurs gradually; therefore, loading antimicrobial divalent metal cations onto the surface of PHAs inhibits biodegradation in seawater temporarily but allows biodegradation to occur with time.

Altruism Enhances Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Reduces Sympathetic Activity: A Multimodal EEG-ECG Study With Implications for Therapeutic Interventions.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate neurophysiological differences between altruistic and selfish behaviors by simultaneously measuring electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). Specifically, we hypothesized that altruistic behavior would be associated with distinct patterns of cortical activity and autonomic responses.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy participants (17 females; mean age: 20.

Illuminating radiogenomic signatures in pediatric-type diffuse gliomas: insights into molecular, clinical, and imaging correlations. Part I: high-grade group.

Recent advances in molecular genetics have revolutionized the classification of pediatric-type high-grade gliomas in the 2021 World Health Organization central nervous system tumor classification. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the following four tumor types: diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered; diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant; diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype; and infant-type hemispheric glioma. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for articles published through January 2025.

Cell Permeability and Target Engagement of Middle-Sized Molecules Quantified by In-Cell NMR.

Middle-sized molecules, such as macrocycles and cyclic peptides, are gaining attention as novel drug modalities due to their ability to permeate into cells and interfere with intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, predicting and measuring the cell permeability of middle-sized molecules remains challenging, and there is only limited data about intracellular target-specific engagement. Here, we developed a floating in-cell NMR strategy to quantify cell permeability and intracellular target-specific engagement of middle-sized molecules in living mammalian cells.

SFTSV utilizes AXL/GAS6 for entry via PI3K-PLC-dependent macropinocytosis activated by AXL-kinase.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a significant public health concern caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a tick-borne RNA virus. Previous studies have identified DC-SIGN and related C-type lectins as receptors of SFTSV infection in specific cell populations. Our genome-wide CRISPR activation screening identified AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase, as a novel entry receptor for SFTSV.

Better olfaction was associated with lower healthcare expenditure among physically independent Japanese community-dwelling older adults: the Yanai study.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether olfaction is associated with healthcare expenditure among physically independent, community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 162 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 70.2 ± 5.

Corneal multifocality after penetrating keratoplasty or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty is associated with intraocular lens power calculation error.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and to identify the causes of predictive errors (PEs) in relation to the subjective keratometric (K) value (SK) in eyes with corneal multifocality.

Methods: This retrospective study included 74 eyes that underwent cataract surgery after PK or DALK. PEs were compared between SRK/T, Haigis, Barrett Universal II (BUII) and Kane formulas.

Effectiveness of Cilostazol Treatment in Femoropopliteal Artery Disease After Drug-Coated Balloon Therapy: Subanalysis of the POPCORN Study.

Abstruct Objective: This study was performed to determine the effect of cilostazol treatment on restenosis risk in patients undergoing drug-coated balloon therapy for symptomatic femoropopliteal artery disease.

Methods: This was a subanalysis of the PrOsPective multiCenter registry Of dRug-coated ballooN for femoropopliteal disease (POPCORN) study, a prospective multicenter study investigating patients undergoing first-generation drug-coated balloon therapy. Clinical limb outcomes were evaluated in subgroups of the cohort with and without cilostazol treatment using the propensity score-matching method.

Whole-genome sequencing reveals rare and structural variants contributing to psoriasis and identifies CERCAM as a risk gene.

Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder with complex genetic architecture. Most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of PsV have been limited to analyzing common single-nucleotide variants in Europeans, lacking diversity in the variant spectrum and ancestral background. To investigate the contribution of rare variants (RVs) and structural variants (SVs), we perform a whole-genome sequencing study involving 1,415 PsV cases and 3,968 controls in Japanese.

Single-Particle Imaging Reveals Charge Redistribution on TiO: Engineering Facets and Oxygen Vacancies for Photocatalytic Toluene Oxidation.

The manipulation of exposed anisotropic facets and surface microstructures facilitates the directional migration of photoinduced charge carriers, offering a promising strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. However, the charge dynamics behavior associated with facet engineering remains unclear and elusive. Herein, the critical role of the {001}/{101} facet ratio on carrier lifetime was determined by precisely monitoring the charge redistribution in the micronano regions of individual TiO microcrystals via single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy .

Photochemical and Redox-Controlled ON-OFF Switching in Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer.

We report a reversible ON-OFF proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) switch based on ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, triggered by both light and redox stimuli. Upon photoirradiation, a carboxylate-ligated Ru(II) complex undergoes photosubstitution to generate a metastable, PCET-active aqua complex. This metastable complex exhibits redox-induced conformational change, regenerating the original carboxylate complex.

An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase II Study of Bexarotene in Patients With Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.

A multicenter, open-label, historically controlled, 2-arm Phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of bexarotene in Japanese patients with adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL). The study enrolled patients with indolent ATL and skin lesions and patients with aggressive ATL who had skin relapse after achieving remission following ≥ 1 regimen of systemic chemotherapy. Patients received oral bexarotene at an initial dose of 100 mg/m (15 patients) or 300 mg/m (17 patients) once daily for 24 weeks.

Trends in Characteristics and Treatment of Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Undergoing Endovascular Therapy.

Background: Due to an aging population and the growing prevalence of diabetes, patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) represent a growing burden on health care and social services.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the trends in characteristics and treatment of patients with CLTI.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 2,085 patients with CLTI who underwent endovascular therapy between April 2010 and March 2023.

Deltoid Muscle Volume After Superior Capsule Reconstruction in Patients With Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis.

Background: Shoulder function improvement after superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) for irreparable rotator cuff tears is thought to be due primarily to increased efficiency of the remaining shoulder muscles and to restoration of glenohumeral superior stability. However, the role of the deltoid muscle after SCR remains unclear.

Purpose: To investigate deltoid muscle volume change after SCR and its association with clinical outcomes.

Optimized detection and inference of immune cell type names in single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Accurate identification of immune cell subsets in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data is critical for understanding immune responses in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. One caveat of scRNA-seq is the inability to properly assign rare immune cell subsets due to gene dropout events. To circumvent this caveat, we here developed optimized detection and inference of names in scRNA-seq data (scODIN).

Proteome analysis of preserved formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens to explore the pathogenesis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples.

Methods: Among 306 patients with IHPS diagnosed at our hospital since 1982, 4 cases (male: female = 3:1, age = 2 ± 1 months) had pyloric muscle samples preserved as FFPE. A control group of three cases (male: female; 1:2, age = 70 ± 96 months) was also included.

Molecular epidemiological surveillance for non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a single-center prospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Bacterial species cultured from sputum change during treatment or observation for non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease; however, strain-level changes remain unrecognized. Variable number tandem repeat typing is a standard technique for strain identification; nonetheless, its labor-intensive and time-consuming nature limits routine clinical use. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate species-subspecies and strain dynamics in non-tuberculous mycobacteria and develop a simple sequence-based strain-level determination method.

Recommendations for management and future investigation of psychosis in neurodegenerative disease: Findings from the International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) working group.

Introduction: Psychosis is frequently observed in patients with neurodegenerative disease and may precede onset of cognitive symptoms. Additionally, the presence of psychosis in neurodegenerative disease is often associated with adverse effects including increased progression of cognitive decline and conversion to dementia, increased caregiver burden, and increased rates of placement in long-term care. Moreover, existing pharmacological treatments, which consist principally of off-label antipsychotic medications, may be associated with increased risk of harm, making management of symptoms challenging.

T4 DNA-Induced Reconstruction of Artificial Nuclei in Living Mouse Oocytes.

Fertilization involves a specialized nuclear formation process distinct from that of somatic cells, and reconstitution methods are useful for understanding its underlying mechanisms. Recently, we successfully reconstructed a nuclear-like structure, termed an "artificial nucleus," in living mouse oocytes by microinjecting solutions of T4 DNA (~166 kbp). This achievement allowed us to identify the physicochemical properties necessary for nuclear formation.

Use of Nucleoporin-Conjugated Beads to Study the Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly on the Nuclear Membrane.

Reassembly of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) at the end of mitosis is a key event for establishing a functional nuclear envelope. However, the role of each NPC component (Nup) in NPC reassembly remained unclear. Here, we describe a method using artificial beads conjugated with an anti-GFP antibody.