Dexamethasone in brain tumor patients: a real-world pharmacovigilance audit.

Introduction: Dexamethasone is routinely prescribed for the management of peritumoral edema in brain tumor patients. Despite available orientations for its management in neuro-oncology patients, the individual needs according to the natural history of the disease and treatment options allied to a hierarchical system with multiple teams involved poses significant challenges in its real-world application.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-centre observational study of 316 brain tumor referrals to a tertiary neurosurgical center over a 3-month period.

The gender-sensitive spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders: a case report on a variant in a 19-year-old female.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as Intellectual Disability, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) impact cognitive, behavioral, and social functions. The Zinc finger MYM-type protein 3, located on the X-chromosome, has been implicated in neurodevelopment, but its effects in females remain poorly understood due to limited research.

Case Presentation: We report a 19-year-old female with a heterozygous variant in (NM_201599.

Comparison of Pectoral Nerve and Paravertebral Blocks for Postoperative Pain Management in Breast Surgery: A Multicentre Randomised Double-Blind Trial.

Purpose: Pectoral nerve (PECS) blocks have gained popularity for pain management in breast cancer surgery because of their ease of use and lower risk profile. However, their efficacy compared with that of paravertebral block (PVB) remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of the PECS block to PVB for postoperative analgesia.

Unraveling Microstructural and Macrostructural Brain Age Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: In multiple sclerosis (MS), neurodegeneration results from the interplay between disease-specific pathology and normal aging. Conventional MRI captures morphologic changes in neurodegeneration, while quantitative MRI (qMRI) provides biophysical measures of microstructural alterations. Combining these modalities may reveal how aging and pathology interact and contribute to disability progression in people with MS.

Safety of endovascular therapy in ischemic stroke patients ⩾90 years: A cohort study from the EVA-TRISP collaboration.

Introduction: Data on safety of endovascular therapy (EVT) in the very elderly are scarce. Using data from a large prospective EVT registry, we aimed at providing better evidence for EVT decision-making in patients aged 90 years and older.

Patients And Methods: In this multicentre observational study from the EVA-TRISP collaboration outcomes were compared between patients aged ⩾90 years with those aged <90 years using multivariate logistic regression analysis and reporting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Efgartigimod as Add-On Treatment in Refractory Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report.

Background And Aims: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that can cause flaccid tetraplegia. Efgartigimod, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the neonatal receptor (FcRn), increases IgG degradation.

Methods: A 60-year-old lady was admitted with acute flaccid tetraparesis, requiring mechanical ventilation within 12 h.

Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Multiple Sclerosis: Superiority of Age- and BMI-Corrected Z Scores/Percentiles Over Absolute Cutoff Values for Prediction of Treatment Response.

Objective: Prognostication of disease course and prediction of treatment response in multiple sclerosis is an unmet need. We compared the performance of serum neurofilament light chain Z scores (age- and BMI-adjusted) with absolute concentrations for the prediction of response to disease-modifying therapy.

Methods: Observational cohort study including the first serum sample of participants after the start of fingolimod therapy.

Monitoring morphometric drift in lifelong learning segmentation of the spinal cord.

Morphometric measures derived from spinal cord segmentations can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in neurological diseases and injuries affecting the spinal cord. For instance, the spinal cord cross-sectional area can be used to monitor cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis and to characterize compression in degenerative cervical myelopathy. While robust, automatic segmentation methods to a wide variety of contrasts and pathologies have been developed over the past few years, whether their predictions are stable as the model is updated using new datasets has not been assessed.

High Rate of Postural Blindness in Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical Observation.

Patients affected by idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) are known to have difficulties in sensorial integration. The ratio of the postural sway in the standing position with closed eyes to open eyes (Romberg Quotient) is a simple way to investigate the role of the visual channel in postural control in this category of patients. We aim to share our observation about the incidence in patients with IPD of postural blindness, namely the reduction of the postural sway by closing the eyes.

Sex-Related Differences in Glioblastoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

: Sex differences play a significant role in the epidemiology, biology, and outcomes of many cancers, including glioblastoma (GB), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. GB is more frequent in males, while females tend to have longer survival, though the underlying reasons for these differences remain poorly understood. Potential contributors include hormonal influences, sex-specific risk factors, and treatment disparities.

Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: Definition, management, and overview for clinical practice.

Background: Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary Carcinomas (PCs) represent very uncommon entities within the field of pituitary diseases. Unfortunately, treatment options after progression on temozolomide are limited. However, advances in the understanding of pituitary tumor genetics and their immunological landscape are paving the way for new targeted molecular therapies.

Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy and Puerperium.

Pregnancy is a significant risk factor for the development of Restless Legs Syndrome. Apart from it's negative impact on sleep and general quality of life, RLS is also associated with pregnancy complications and negative outcomes. To elucidate the prevalence, trajectory, severity, and risk factors of RLS throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period we analysed data from the multicenter Life-ON Cohort Study (NCT02664467) which recruited 439 pregnant women in the 10-15th gestational week and followed them up until 12 months after delivery.

Tau PET positivity in individuals with and without cognitive impairment varies with age, amyloid-β status, APOE genotype and sex.

Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows in vivo detection of tau proteinopathy in Alzheimer's disease, which is associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Understanding how demographic, clinical and genetic factors relate to tau PET positivity will facilitate its use for clinical practice and research. Here we conducted an analysis of 42 cohorts worldwide (N = 12,048), including 7,394 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, 2,177 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 2,477 participants with dementia.

Public Perception of Robot-Assisted Spine Surgery.

: The potential advantages of robotic assistance in spinal procedures are a growing area of interest, and patient perception plays a key role in its broader acceptance. However, public perception of robotic surgery in spinal operations remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the general public's perceptions, expectations, and concerns regarding robot-assisted spine surgery.

Minimally Invasive Techniques in Posterior Atlanto-Axial Fixation: State of the Art and Systematic Review.

The atlanto-axial segment is highly mobile and, therefore, prone to instability in the setting of inflammatory disease, infection, tumor or trauma. While minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques have gained acceptance in the thoracolumbar spine due to their advantages over traditional approaches, their use at the atlanto-axial segment is controversial due to the surgical risk associated with its complex anatomy. To evaluate the current evidence on MIS atlanto-axial fixation, we carried out a systematic review of the literature and compared the reported results with those of open procedures.

Sleep-related breathing disorders during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review analyzed 37 studies on sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy, involving over 7000 women, predominantly pregnant, with a subgroup of non-pregnant controls. Most studies were conducted in the United States, using in-laboratory polysomnography and focusing on the third trimester. The meta-analysis estimated a prevalence of nearly 20 %, although results showed considerable heterogeneity, reflecting variations in study methodologies, diagnostic criteria, and sample characteristics.

Treatment Strategies and Disease Activity During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Real-World Data From the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Cohort.

Backgrounds And Objectives: Managing multiple sclerosis (MS) during pregnancy and postpartum is a therapeutic challenge. We aim to describe therapy regimens, clinical and MRI disease activity, and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels in all pregnancies observed between 2012 and 2023 among participants of the Swiss MS cohort.

Methods: We assessed the treatment strategies during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum in all included pregnancies.

Treatment strategies of AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and MOG antibody-associated disorder in Switzerland: a nationwide survey.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are neuroinflammatory conditions characterized by attacks, primarily affecting the spinal cord and the optic nerve. When left untreated, these disorders can result in severe neurological disability. Although recent advancements have improved treatment, many questions remain regarding the optimal management of these rare conditions.

Comparative effectiveness of teriflunomide and ocrelizumab on smoldering activity in multiple sclerosis: an observational study in the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Cohort.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of teriflunomide and ocrelizumab on clinical and MRI endpoints related to smoldering activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods: In this observational, longitudinal, multicenter study, we included 128 people with RRMS (pwRRMS) treated with teriflunomide and 495 treated with ocrelizumab. Outcomes included time to progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA).

Beyond accuracy: a framework for evaluating algorithmic bias and performance, applied to automated sleep scoring.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly improved sleep-scoring algorithms, bringing their performance close to the theoretical limit of approximately 80%, which aligns with inter-scorer agreement levels. While this suggests the problem is technically solved, clinical adoption remains challenging due to ethical and regulatory requirements for rigorous validation, fairness, and human oversight. Existing validation methods, such as Bland-Altman analysis, often rely on simple correlation metrics, overlooking potential non-linear influences of external factors (e.

When can lumbar fusion be considered appropriate in the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) is defined as the reappearance, following initial discectomy, of disc material and pain after a period of at least six symptom-free months. Redo surgery is usually considered following unsuccessful conservative management or in the presence of neurological deficits.

Research Question: Given the lack of consensus on the ideal surgical strategy for RLDH, we conducted this study to evaluate when lumbar fusion (LF) should be considered in the treatment of RLDH.

Anatomo-functional approach to multimodal motor mapping in diffuse glioma surgery: hierarchical networks.

Onco-functional balance during motor-eloquent diffuse glioma resection is challenging. This balance is personal according to individual background, treatment expectations and surgical experience. Nevertheless, preservation of muscle contraction in isolation is no longer an accepted outcome.

Sex differences in outcomes after endovascular therapy with prior antiplatelet use: A study from the EVA-TRISP registry.

Introduction: This study assessed sex differences in outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with prior antiplatelet use using the EVA-TRISP multinational registry.

Patients And Methods: A cohort of consecutive patients (2015-2023) treated with MT was analysed by sex and prior antiplatelet use in multivariable logistic regression models. Primary outcomes were in-hospital symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and the 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score.

Blood biomarkers for predicting disability worsening in progressive multiple sclerosis: a multinational, individual participant-level analysis.

Background And Objectives: Biologically informative markers like glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) may help predict confirmed disability worsening (CDW) in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, data on the prognostic value of their blood concentrations in progressive MS (PMS) are limited, and there are substantial discrepancies in the published literature. This international collaboration uses individual participant data to define the prognostic value of serum GFAP and NfL in people with PMS (pwPMS).