Optimal decision fusion-based systems of neural network ensembles for white blood cell classification.

The classification and counting of white blood cells from samples taken from patients is an important activity in accurately establishing the diagnosis of certain diseases. The methods based on artificial neural networks for this task have gained considerable attention as decision-support systems in medicine. As a novelty, the authors have implemented a global white blood cell classification system (eight classes) using the optimal fusion of individual decisions from several performing networks.

The effects of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on T lymphocytes: From autoimmune diseases to cancer.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the microbial metabolites that have significant functions in host immune modulation, especially T lymphocyte function. Implication by recent evidence indicates SCFAs regulate T-cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, effector function, and apoptosis through histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, and metabolic reprogramming processes. Butyrate, for example, enhances regulatory T cell (Treg) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10)-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation as well as context-dependent regulation on T helper 17 (Th17) cell development.

Tuberculosis in Saharia Tribe (a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group) of India: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in India, particularly among vulnerable populations. The Saharia tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), faces a disproportionately high TB burden. This study aimed to systematically review and quantify the TB burden among the Saharia tribe through meta-analysis.

Reproducible meningioma grading across multi-center MRI protocols via hybrid radiomic and deep learning features.

Objective: This study aimed to create a reliable method for preoperative grading of meningiomas by combining radiomic features and deep learning-based features extracted using a 3D autoencoder. The goal was to utilize the strengths of both handcrafted radiomic features and deep learning features to improve accuracy and reproducibility across different MRI protocols.

Materials And Methods: The study included 3,523 patients with histologically confirmed meningiomas, consisting of 1,900 low-grade (Grade I) and 1,623 high-grade (Grades II and III) cases.

The multifaceted role of KIF15 in cancer progression and therapy.

Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15), a kinesin superfamily motor protein, is known to be involved in mitotic spindle formation and chromosome movement during cell division. Recent research has determined KIF15 to be a crucial regulator in several oncogenic pathways and proposed that its role may extend beyond mere cell mechanics. Aberrant KIF15 expression has also been found to be involved in the onset of numerous cancers by promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities of cancer cells, thereby leading to increased metastatic capability.

Drastic Enhancement of Proton Conductivity in a Porous Organic Polymer Conductor via Dual Postsynthetic Acidifications.

While strategies for proton conductivity enhancement are required, appropriate synthetic procedures are still sought. Herein, we synthesized a porous organic polymer, POP-Me40, through the judicial selection of functional groups with varying electronic effects. Postsynthetic sulfonation of POP-Me40 was conducted to produce POP-Me40-S.

Astrocyte priming enhances microglial Aβ clearance and is compromised by APOE4.

The innate immune system can develop a form of memory called priming, where prior exposure to a stimulus enhances subsequent responses. While well-characterized in peripheral immunity, its function in brain-resident cells such as astrocytes under non-disease conditions remains unclear. Here we show that human astrocytes derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy female donors, but not microglia, acquire a primed state following transient immune stimulations.

Structure and Texture Synergies in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Polymers: A Comparative Evaluation of Tribological and Mechanical Properties.

This study investigates the interplay between infill structure and surface texture in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)-printed polymer specimens and their combined influence on tribological and mechanical performance. Unlike previous works that focus on single-variable analysis, this work offers a comparative evaluation of Shore D hardness and coefficient of friction (COF) for PLA and Iglidur materials, incorporating diverse infill patterns. The results reveal that specific combinations (e.

Computational Design of Mineral-Based Materials: Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Functionalized Polymeric Films for Enhanced Public Water Purification.

Heavy metal contamination in natural waters and soils poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions. This study presents the computational design of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films functionalized with iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles (NPs) for enhanced water purification applications. Composite materials containing 5%, 10%, and 15% were synthesized and characterized in terms of adsorption efficiency, surface morphology, and reusability.

Machine Learning-Based Blockchain Technology for Secure V2X Communication: Open Challenges and Solutions.

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is a fundamental technology in the development of intelligent transportation systems, encompassing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), and pedestrian (V2P) communications. This technology enables connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to interact with their surroundings, significantly enhancing road safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort. However, as V2X communication becomes more widespread, it becomes a prime target for adversarial and persistent cyberattacks, posing significant threats to the security and privacy of CAVs.

Accurate Wideband RCS Estimation from Limited Field Data Using Infinitesimal Dipole Modeling with Compressive Sensing.

This communication presents an accurate and computationally efficient approach for wideband radar cross-section (RCS) estimation and scattering point reconstruction using infinitesimal dipole modeling (IDM) with compressive sensing. The proposed method eliminates the need for field sampling at numerous frequency points across the wideband range through Green's function adjustment. Additionally, compressive sensing is employed for induced current calculation to reduce both frequency and angular sampling requirements.

Degradation of Emerging Plastic Pollutants from Aquatic Environments Using TiO and Their Composites in Visible Light Photocatalysis.

This review synthesized the current knowledge on the effect of TiO photocatalysts on the degradation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) under visible light, highlighting the state-of-the-art techniques, main challenges, and proposed solutions for enhancing the performance of the photocatalysis technique. The synthesis of TiO-based photocatalysts and hybrid nanostructured TiO materials, including those coupled with other semiconductor materials, is explored. Studies on TiO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of MPs and NPs under visible light remain limited.

The Inhibitory Effect and Adsorption Properties of Testagen Peptide on Copper Surfaces in Saline Environments: An Experimental and Computational Study.

Experimental and theoretical studies were applied to investigate the adsorption properties of testagen (KEDG) peptide on copper surfaces in sodium chloride solution and, implicitly, its inhibition efficiency (IE) on metal corrosion. The tetrapeptide synthesized from the amino acids lysine (Lys), glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and glycine (Gly), named as H-Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH, achieved an inhibition efficiency of around 86% calculated from electrochemical measurements, making KEDG a promising new copper corrosion inhibitor. The experimental data were best fitted to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Combination Therapy Using Phytochemicals and PARP Inhibitors in Hybrid Nanocarriers: An Optimistic Approach for the Management of Colon Cancer.

DNA damage repair is a hallmark of any cancer growth, eventually leading to drug resistance and death. The poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme is vital in repairing damaged DNA in normal and cancer cells with mutated () genes. Inhibitors of the PARP enzyme aid in chemotherapy, as shown by drug combinations such as Olaparib and Irinotecan in breast cancer treatment.

Electrochemical Nanostructured Aptasensor for Direct Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important biomarker applied for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of diabetes; therefore, its accurate determination is crucial. In this study, an innovative nanoplatform was developed, integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with enhanced hydrophilicity achieved through cyclodextrin (CD) functionalization, and combined with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) electrochemically deposited onto a screen-printed carbon electrode. The nanomaterials significantly improved the analytical performance of the sensor due to their increased surface area and high electrical conductivity.

Effect of Plant-Based Proteins on Recovery from Resistance Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy Young Adults-A Systematic Review.

Background: Plant-based protein supplementation in supporting muscle recovery following resistance exercise remains an area of growing interest, particularly among vegan athletes, as a potential alternative to animal-based proteins. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-based proteins on recovery from resistance exercise-induced muscle damage in healthy young adults.

Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search was administered in eight databases up to 1 May 2025, identifying 1407 articles.

Integrated Medical and Digital Approaches to Enhance Post-Bariatric Surgery Care: A Prototype-Based Evaluation of the NutriMonitCare System in a Controlled Setting.

Post-bariatric surgery patients require long-term, coordinated care to address complex nutritional, physiological, and behavioral challenges. Personalized smart nutrition, combining individualized dietary strategies with targeted monitoring, has emerged as a valuable direction for optimizing recovery and long-term outcomes. This article examines how traditional medical protocols can be enhanced by digital solutions in a multidisciplinary framework.

Non-Motor Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Isolated Dystonia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dystonia, traditionally regarded as a purely motor disorder, is now increasingly recognized as involving clinically significant non-motor symptoms (NMSs) that can adversely affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess HRQoL in Romanian patients with isolated dystonia and to evaluate the impact of two key NMSs, depression and cognitive impairment, on their HRQoL. We hypothesized that depression would have a greater adverse effect on HRQoL than cognitive impairment.

The Influence of the Annealing Process on the Mechanical Properties of Chromium Nitride Thin Films.

In recent years, significant attention has been directed toward the development of coating materials capable of tailoring surface properties for various functional applications. Transition metal nitrides, in particular, have garnered interest due to their superior physical and chemical properties, including high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and strong corrosion resistance. In this study, a fabrication process for CrN-based thin films was developed by combining reactive direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) with post-deposition annealing in air.

Modeling and Optimization of MXene/PVC Membranes for Enhanced Water Treatment Performance.

In this paper, MXene nanosheets were used as nano additives for the preparation of MXene-modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mixed max membranes (MMMs) for the rejection of lead (Pb) ions from wastewater. MXene nanosheets were introduced into the PVC matrix to enhance membrane performance, hydrophilicity, contact angle, porosity, and resistance to fouling. Modeling and optimization techniques were used to examine the effects of important operational and fabrication parameters, such as pH, contaminant concentration, nanoadditive (MXene) content, and operating pressure.

Adipocyte mitochondria in dairy cows reveals constraints in growth and signals adaptive metabolic responses.

Understanding the dynamics of metabolic regulation in the body requires an in-depth examination of the distribution and characteristics of mitochondrial populations within adipose tissue. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mitochondrial size and the expansion of white adipocytes across different Body Condition Scores (BCS) in dairy cows. BCS was used to categorize cows into three groups: cachectic, normal weight, and overweight.

Advancements in biomaterials and bioactive solutions for lumbar spine fusion cages: Current trends and future perspectives.

Spinal fusion is considered today as the last treatment option for different spinal conditions, such as degenerative and infectious illnesses. It consists of fusing two or more vertebrae to obtain reinforcement/fixation based on several methods used to sustain osteosynthesis and grafting, such as cage insertion in the intervertebral space, which provides an important level of mechanical stability, impacting only a low amount of the natural biomechanics of the spine and facilitating the implant bony ingrowth. This review paper first explores the background of intervertebral fusion, emphasizing medical applications and material properties of interbody fusion cages.

Inherited metabolic disorders: presentation, clinical types, laboratory diagnosis and genetic markers.

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are classified under rare genetic diseases almost always presenting in newborn and infants. IMDs are classified according to the clinical presentation, diagnosis and prognosis. Several factors are involved in the IMDs pathogenesis.

Stem Cell Therapy: A New Approach and Effective Treatment for Psoriasis.

Introduction: The underlying mechanisms behind the development of psoriasis have become better understood in recent years. Key factors involved include the heightened reactivity of certain T cell subsets (Th1 and Th17 cells) as well as dysregulation of regulatory T cell (T-reg) function. Additionally, the complex interplay between immune cells, skin cells (keratinocytes), and the blood vessel endothelium has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.