Canine Ku70 requires binding between its nuclear localization signal and nuclear pore-targeting complex for nuclear localization.

Understanding the subcellular localization and regulatory mechanisms of DNA repair proteins is critical for elucidating the mechanisms of genotoxicity. Localization of DNA repair proteins is highly spatiotemporally regulated, and their dysregulation causes of various diseases, including cancer. Dysregulation also modulates cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by medical radiation and environmental mutagens.

Electronic Spin Relaxation and Clustering in High Pressure High Temperature Synthesized Microcrystalline Diamond Particles with Reduced Nitrogen Content.

The negatively charged Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond is widely studied because of numerous applications of this unique quantum system in sensing and quantum information sciences. While substitutional nitrogen is required to form NV centers, it also yields other paramagnetic defects - primarily the neutrally charged substitutional nitrogen centers (P1) - that decrease NV spin coherence which in turn degrades performance in applications. Herein, we investigate high-pressure high-temperature synthesized diamond microparticles (.

Radiation suppresses liver metastases via exosome secretion in pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is difficult to treat because of its radio-resistance and metastases. Radiotherapy modifies the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affects PC progression. Exosomes are produced in response to radiation, but their nature and mechanisms of action are unclear.

DNA-protein cross-links emerge as major contributors to chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity at physiological equitoxic doses.

Chemotherapeutic drugs induce DNA damage, including double-strand breaks (DSBs), interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs), to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Understanding the relative contributions of these damages is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies. To achieve physiologically relevant conditions, we determined the LD for four classes of chemotherapeutic agents and treated HeLa cells accordingly.

Updated Japanese multicenter registry study evaluates the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy for treating extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of a prospective, multicenter registry study of proton beam therapy (PBT) for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC) in Japan. Patients who underwent PBT for EHC between May 2016 and June 2021 were registered in the Particle Beam Therapy Committee and Subcommittee of the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology. We updated the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local control rate (LC), and toxicity.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of H Materials: Hydrogen-Rich Perovskite Oxyhydrides with Lattice Strain as an Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst.

Mixed-anion perovskite compounds containing hydride ions (H) are promising catalysts for ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions. Oxyhydride BaTiOH is a typical example, with a positive correlation between H concentration and catalytic activity; however, the previously reported topochemical synthesis achieved a maximum value of ∼0.6.

Prognostic value of pre-treatment metabolic tumor volume on [S‑methyl‑C]‑L‑methionine PET/CT in patients with local non-small cell lung carcinoma treated with single-fraction carbon-ion radiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic predictive ability of MET PET/CT-derived imaging biomarkers in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing single-fraction carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and to clarify the additional prognostic information these biomarkers can provide beyond the standard UICC staging protocol.

Methods: With institutional review board approval, 67 localized NSCLC patients eligible for CIRT between 2007 and 2012 were included. Single-fraction doses of 40-50 Gy were irradiated.

Outcomes of Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy Versus Photon Therapy for Isolated Paraortic Lymph Node Recurrence From Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) versus that of photon radiation therapy (RT) in patients with isolated paraortic lymph node metastasis from colorectal cancer postcurative surgery.

Methods And Materials: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 116 patients, including 53 treated with CIRT and 63 with photon RT. The primary endpoint was local control (LC), with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as secondary endpoints.

Enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells by acetylation of a planar catechin analog.

Catechin is a major antioxidant and also shows anti-cancer effect. We have synthesized a catechin analog possessing a planar structure, planar catechin, which has 10-fold larger radical-scavenging activity than the parental (+)-catechin, and demonstrated that the planar catechin showed a significant cytotoxicity in cancer cells. However, the planar catechin has a possibility to lose the innate activity before reaching target cells, because of the higher reactivity with other biological molecules.

Plasmodium falciparum acetyltransferase GCN5 acts as a dual regulator of essential glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase.

Lysine acetylation is emerging as a key player in cellular regulation across species by controlling the fate of metabolic proteins as well as modulating gene expression via histone modification. Phosphoglycerate mutase, a conserved enzyme of the sole energy-yielding pathway of glycolysis in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is indispensable for its growth. Here, we demonstrate that P.

Measurement accuracy and practicality of O-gas PET using a high-sensitivity whole-body PET/CT scanner.

Objective: O-gas PET allows for the quantitative measurement of cerebral circulation and metabolism. However, the administration of high radioactivity doses raises concerns about count losses, particularly when using high-sensitivity whole-body PET/CT scanners equipped with BGO detectors. Therefore, optimizing the administration dose is crucial.

Temperature dependence on soil-soil solution distribution coefficient of radiocaesium in Japanese agricultural soils.

Radiocaesium mobility in 40 agricultural soil samples at different temperature conditions (4-30 °C) was studied by measuring the soil-soil solution distribution coefficient, K (L/kg). Comparison of K values obtained at 10 °C and at 30 °C indicated significant differences for 36 soil samples by the one-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05) with decreases in K values under the higher temperature condition.

Effects on the middle adult stage of the Tohoku hynobiid salamander, Hynobius lichenatus, chronically γ-irradiated from the embryonic stage.

Tohoku hynobiid salamanders, Hynobius lichenatus (Amphibia, Caudata), were chronically irradiated with Cs γ-rays from the embryonic to the middle adult stages for over 3000 days, and the effects on survival, somatic growth (body weight increase), sexual maturation, and histological characteristics were examined. This article reports the effects observed in the middle adult stage (days 1955-3039). Irradiation at a dose rate of 34 μGy h had no effect on any endpoint.

Impact of brain damage on moral judgment.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of damage to various brain regions on moral judgment using a novel third-party punishment task with fully manipulated conditions.

Methods: We assessed 35 individuals with brain damage (26 with frontal lobe and nine with non-frontal lobe damage) and 30 healthy controls (HCs) using a moral judgment task consisting of 40 vignettes across five conditions, with varying degrees of intentionality and consequences. Participants rated the protagonist's "badness" and their aroused feelings.

Concurrent Alzheimer's disease pathologies in Lewy body diseases affect cognition and glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus: A multimodal PET study.

BackgroundLewy body disease (LBD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Lewy bodies, and it clinically presents dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies frequently coexist with LBD, complicating the clinical manifestation.ObjectiveWe evaluated the impact of AD pathologies, including amyloid-β and tau depositions, on cognitive dysfunction and glucose metabolism in LBD using multiple positron emission tomography scans.

Trithiol ligand provides tumor-targeting Pt-complexes with high molar activity and promising in vivo properties.

Purpose: The Auger electron-emitting radionuclide Pt is a promising candidate for radiopharmaceutical therapy. Herein, we explored novel labeling methods for Pt using thiol-containing ligands to improve the in vivo stability and targeting ability of Pt-labeled complexes.

Methods: We synthesized dithiol-containing NS and NS ligands, and a trithiol ligand, and then compared their radiochemical reactivity with Pt.

Precise PEGylation Modulates the in Vivo Fate of Peptide Radiopharmaceuticals.

PEGylation has emerged as a promising approach to addressing stability issues and tumor retention challenges in radiopharmaceutical development. Herein, how PEGylation affects the in vivo behavior of peptide radiopharmaceuticals is investigated, focusing on the length and topological structure of the PEG molecules. A peptide ligand that targets CD133 is used and modified with different lengths of PEG (PEG, PEG, and PEG) to study the impact of PEG length.

Altered Brain Functional Connectivity and Neurometabolite Correlations in Orofacial Chronic Pain with Central Sensitization.

Purpose: Central sensitization (CS) is one of the causes of refractory chronic orofacial pain (COFP). Chronic pain reportedly alters resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in the brain. The salience network (SN) overlaps with brain regions involved in chronic pain.

Development of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography Probe Deuterated [F]FE-TMP ([F]FE-TMP-), an Antagonist of Dihydrofolate Reductase, for Reporter Gene Imaging of the Brain.

[F]Fluoroethoxy trimethoprim ([F]FE-TMP, [F]), a unique antagonist of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR), has been developed as a reporter gene imaging agent. Here, we developed new PET probes based on TMP. Simulations predicted that hydrophobic interactions around the benzene ring of contributed to binding with ecDHFR.

Evaluation of stochastic method on track density analysis for passive radon measurement.

Passive radon monitors with CR-39s are commonly used in major epidemiological studies. However, the conventional CR-39 track density analysis method makes it difficult to estimate the concentration accurately due to the heterogeneity of tracks on CR-39s and the small track reading area. Track heterogeneity in CR-39 detectors arises from exposure-related and detector-related factors.

Facial Emotional Expression in Reaction to Internet Gaming Videos Among Young Adults: A Preliminary and Exploratory Study.

The surge in online gaming's popularity has raised concerns regarding excessive engagement particularly among younger generations. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is increasingly recognized as a clinical concern, underscoring the necessity for early detection and intervention. Although facial expressions provide key emotional insights, their link to symptoms associated with internet gaming addiction remains largely unexplored.

A virtual system-coupled molecular dynamics simulation free from experimental knowledge on binding sites: Application to RNA-ligand binding free-energy landscape.

Ligand-receptor docking simulation is difficult when the biomolecules have high intrinsic flexibility. If some knowledge on the ligand-receptor complex structure or inter-molecular contact sites are presented in advance, the difficulty of docking problem considerably decreases. This paper proposes a generalized-ensemble method "cartesian-space division mD-VcMD" (or CSD-mD-VcMD), which calculates stable complex structures without assist of experimental knowledge on the complex structure.

Spurious reconstruction from brain activity.

Advances in brain decoding, particularly in visual image reconstruction, have sparked discussions about the societal implications and ethical considerations of neurotechnology. As reconstruction methods aim to recover visual experiences from brain activity and achieve prediction beyond training samples (zero-shot prediction), it is crucial to assess their capabilities and limitations to inform public expectations and regulations. Our case study of recent text-guided reconstruction methods, which leverage a large-scale dataset (Natural Scenes Dataset, NSD) and text-to-image diffusion models, reveals critical limitations in their generalizability, demonstrated by poor reconstructions on a different dataset.