Dental enamel following maternal exposure to different fluoride concentrations: Physicochemical and functional approaches in rats offspring.

Excessive fluoride (F) exposure is associated with adverse effects at different life stages and can affect various biological systems, including the mineralized tissues of the oral cavity. However, there is limited evidence that early F exposure during pregnancy and lactation impairs the development of offspring dental enamel. From a translational perspective, this study aimed to investigate the effects of F at different concentrations on the ultrastructural, physicochemical, and functional properties of dental enamel in the offspring of rats exposed during the prenatal and lactation periods.

High-Voltage Electrical Discharge Extraction of Polyphenols from Winter Savory ( L.): Antioxidant Assessment and Chemometric Interpretation.

This study investigated the potential of high-voltage electrical discharge (HVED), as a green, non-thermal extraction technology, for recovering polyphenols from winter savory ( L.). Key process parameters, including frequency (40, 70, 100 Hz) and extraction time (1, 5, 15, 30, 45 min), were optimized, using water as a solvent and maintaining a constant solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:100 g/mL.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Nanocomposite Based on for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye: Adsorption Kinetics and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology.

In this study, an efficient and cost-effective nanocomposite material based on (cactus) powder modified with iron oxide nanoparticles was developed as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB), a common water pollutant. The nanocomposite was synthesized through the co-precipitation method of Fe and Fe ions and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted over 24 h, varying different operational conditions, such as pH, temperature and initial pollutant concentration.

Correction: Membrane-localized magnetic hyperthermia promotes intracellular delivery of cell-impermeant probes.

Correction for 'Membrane-localized magnetic hyperthermia promotes intracellular delivery of cell-impermeant probes' by Javier Idiago-López , , 2024, , 15176-15195, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NR01955E.

A Framework for Corticomuscle Control Studies Using a Serious Gaming Approach.

Sophisticated voluntary movements are essential for everyday functioning, making the study of how the brain controls muscle activity a central challenge in neuroscience. Investigating corticomuscular control through non-invasive electrophysiological recordings is particularly complex due to the intricate nature of neuronal signals. To address this challenge, we present a novel experimental methodology designed to study corticomuscular control using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG).

Plasticity in climate change responses.

Recent research has shown that climate change can both induce and modulate the expression of plastic traits but our understanding of the role of phenotypic plasticity as an adaptive response to climate change is limited. In this review, we dissect the mechanisms and impact of phenotypic plasticity as a response to accumulating climatic pressures on the individual, species and community levels. (i) We discuss how plasticity can affect individuals, populations and community dynamics and how climate change can alter the role of plasticity.

Dental microwear texture analysis reveals behavioural, ecological and habitat signals in Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur faunas.

Most faunas from the Mesozoic era were dominated by sauropod dinosaurs, the largest terrestrial animals to ever exist. These megaherbivores were remarkably diverse and widely distributed. Here we study three Late Jurassic faunas from the USA, Portugal and Tanzania, each approximately 150 million years old, which are known for their extreme sauropod diversity.

A note on metapopulation models.

Metapopulation models are commonly used in ecology, evolution, and epidemiology. These models usually entail homogeneity assumptions within patches and study networks of migration between patches to generate insights into conservation of species, differentiation of populations, and persistence of infectious diseases. Here, focusing on infectious disease epidemiology, we take a complementary approach and study the effects of individual variation within patches while neglecting any form of disease transmission between patches.

Ultrahigh Strength and Exceptional Work Hardening in a Hierarchical-Structured Alloy via Hetero-Interface-Mediated Twinning.

Yield strength and work hardening are two critical mechanical properties of metallic structural materials. However, increasing yield strength through conventional strengthening mechanisms often restricts further dislocation multiplications and interactions, which significantly reduces work hardening and poses a challenge to achieving an optimal balance between these properties in material design. Here, an innovative approach to simultaneously enhance both yield strength and work hardening in a heterostructured, nanoprecipitation-strengthened alloy is reported.

Novel tissue markers in renal neoplasms using molar-scale quantitative proteomics via the total protein approach normalised with protein deglycase DJ-1 (PARK7).

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables large-scale protein quantification but is hindered by inter- and intra-laboratory variability, complicating data integration and biomarker discovery. This study aims to develop an optimised normalisation strategy using the ubiquitously expressed protein deglycase DJ-1 (PARK7) as an internal standard, combined with the Total Protein Approach (TPA) to improve data comparability in renal neoplasms proteomic datasets. We analysed the MS-based proteomics data of renal tissues from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, n = 7), papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC, n = 5), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC, n = 5), renal oncocytoma (RO, n = 5), and control normal adjacent tissue (NAT, n = 5).

Natural Colorants for a Bio-Based Economy-Recovering a Lost Knowledge for Novel Applications of Extracts as Paints Through a Multi-Analytical Approach.

Natural colorants, with their sustainable origins, offer a promising alternative for various applications. Advanced studies have unveiled the remarkable properties, resilience, and durability of these ancient dyes, which our ancestors developed through sustainable material processing. This serves as a testament to the potential of sustainable solutions in our field.

Floridoside Phosphotriester Derivatives: Synthesis and Inhibition of Human Neutrophils' Oxidative Burst.

Floridoside (2--D-glycerol--D-galactopyranoside) is a natural product typically found in red algae. It serves as the algae's carbon reserve and is produced as a protective response against osmotic and heat stress. Both floridoside and its acylated derivatives have been associated with modulating redox homeostasis and inflammatory responses.

Exploring the Aroma Profile of Traditional Sparkling Wines: A Review on Yeast Selection in Second Fermentation, Aging, Closures, and Analytical Strategies.

Sparkling wine is a complex alcoholic beverage with high economic value, produced through a secondary fermentation of a still wine, followed by a prolonged aging period that may last from nine months to several years. With the growing global demand for high-quality sparkling wines, understanding the biochemical mechanisms related to aroma development has become increasingly relevant. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the secondary fermentation process, with particular emphasis on yeast selection, types of closure, and the impact of aging on the volatile composition.

Improving Farmed Juvenile Gilthead Seabream () Stress Response to Marine Heatwaves and Vibriosis Through Seaweed-Based Dietary Modulation.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are an emerging challenge for aquaculture, increasing the frequency and severity of disease outbreaks in farmed fish, weakening immunocompetence and compromising overall health and survival. As climate change stressors intensify, there is an urgent need for cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategies to enhance fish resilience. This study investigated the efficacy of , a brown macroalga, included in aquafeeds as powder (0.

Microalgae-Based Hybrid Biophotoelectrode for Efficient Light Energy Conversion.

Photosynthetic microorganisms are promising candidates for sustainable energy production in photobio-electrochemical systems. However, integrating them with electrodes is challenging due to the compartmentalized nature of photosynthetic organelles. Microalgae, in particular, have a more complex cell structure than cyanobacteria, leading to low electron transfer rates and compromising electrochemical communication.

Unraveling the biological potential of skin fibroblast: responses to TNF-α, highlighting intracellular signaling pathways and secretome.

Objective: In this study, we examined the molecular response of human skin fibroblasts to an inflammatory cytokine to evaluate their suitability as models for immunopathology research.

Methods: Skin fibroblasts were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the transcriptome was profiled via RNA-Seq. The differentially expressed genes were screened to predict immunological pathways and interactions.

Analysing the loss of embryogenic competence in long-term cell lines of Solanum betaceum Cav.: involvement of miR827, phosphate and sugar.

Unlabelled: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a pivotal model for understanding cellular differentiation and totipotency while also offering practical applications for micropropagation and breeding of many crops. Therefore, there is a great interest in understanding the gene regulatory networks underlying cell reprogramming during this process. Accordingly, SE in Cav.

From Green to Brown: Characterization of the Fast Alteration of Modern Greenish Enamels in Glass Windows.

In 2009-2014, new glass panels were produced by the Stained-Glass Studio of Canterbury Cathedral (UK) and installed in St Peter's Church (Little Barrington, Burford), St Lawrence's Church (Mereworth, Kent), and Canterbury Cathedral. After a few years, some spots and stains have appeared on the greenish areas of the panels. The common factor is that the panels were produced using the same green enamel.

Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity.

The high production costs and unappealing sensory properties still limit the widespread commercialization of microalgae feedstocks. Therefore, this work focused on fine-tuning the heterotrophic medium composition to cultivate novel green, yellow, and white Chlorella vulgaris mutant strains. Screening assays were carried out to select the most significant factors, and different nutrient concentrations were optimized by modelling biomass and protein productivity, specific growth rate, and color, via response surface methodology.

Genetic structure and historical demography of inland wetland fish using the endangered Lisbon arched-mouth nase as a case-study.

Inland wetlands are highly diverse, productive ecosystems at the transition between terrestrial and aquatic environments, providing major services to society. They are also under high human pressure and have suffered a progressive decline in total area globally. Here, we describe the genetic diversity and demography of the endangered Lisbon arched-mouth nase Iberochondrostoma olisiponense occurring in the inland wetlands of a major river in southwestern Europe, within a context of extreme habitat changes.

Effects of Browicz on Postprandial Glycemia and Carbohydrate-Hydrolyzing Enzymes.

Browicz (), an endemic species of the Cabo Verde archipelago, is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical profiles of the aqueous and hydroethanolic (70%) extracts of the dried aerial parts (PcAE and PcEE) and evaluate their potential to modulate postprandial glycemia and inhibit key carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. The chemical characterization was performed by LC/UV-DAD-ESI/MS/MS.

Toxicological Responses of Juvenile Gilthead Seabream to Enniatin B and Fumonisin B1.

The replacement of ingredients from animal sources with plant-based ingredients is increasing the risk of contamination by mycotoxins in aquafeeds, potentially causing detrimental effects on fish welfare. However, limited research has been carried out so far on the impact of mycotoxins on fish health. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicological effects of the dietary emerging (enniatin B, ENNB) and regulated (fumonisin B1, FB1) mycotoxins (150 µg/kg) in different tissues of juvenile gilthead seabream () after 28 days of dietary exposure.

A Chemoinformatics Investigation of Spectral and Quantum Chemistry Patterns for Discovering New Drug Leads from Natural Products Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint, with a Particular Focus on Naturally Occurring Marine Products.

(1) Background: Although the field of natural product (NP) drug discovery has been extensively developed, there are still several bottlenecks hindering the development of drugs from NPs. The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis plays a crucial role in immune response regulation. Therefore, drugs targeting this axis can disrupt the interaction and enable immune cells to continue setting up a response against the cancer cells.

Diversity of Bioactive Compounds in Microalgae: Key Classes and Functional Applications.

Microalgae offer a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds. Their rapid growth, efficient CO utilization, and adaptability make them a promising alternative to traditional production methods. Key compounds, such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, phytosterols, pigments, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), hold significant commercial value and are widely utilized in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, driving innovation across multiple industries.

Stabilization Method as a Tool for Electronic State Spectroscopy.

We propose a new systematic approach to distinguish valence and diffuse electronically excited states of polyatomic molecules. This method applies the stabilization technique of Hazi and Taylor [ , 1 (1109)] to neutral excited states, using basis set diffuseness as the stabilization parameter. By monitoring how excited states behave under basis set contraction, one can differentiate valence states from Rydberg and mixed valence-Rydberg states, reducing the arbitrariness of previous strategies.