Deep-Learning System for Automatic Measurement of the Femorotibial Rotational Angle on Lower-Extremity Computed Tomography.

To develop and validate a deep-learning-based algorithm for automatic identification of anatomical landmarks and calculating femoral and tibial version angles (FTT angles) on lower-extremity CT scans. In this IRB-approved, retrospective study, lower-extremity CT scans from 270 adult patients (median age, 69 years; female to male ratio, 235:35) were analyzed. CT data were preprocessed using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization and RGB superposition to enhance tissue boundary distinction.

Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu-Hf isotopes in Ryugu.

Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.

Astrocytic monoamine oxidase B (MAOB)-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) axis as a molecular brake on repair following spinal cord injury.

Neuroregeneration and remyelination rarely occur in the adult mammalian brain and spinal cord following central nervous system (CNS) injury. The glial scar has been proposed as a major contributor to this failure in the regenerative process. However, its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear.

Impact of glaucoma surgery on recurrence rate in cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.

Background/aims: In cytomegalovirus-induced anterior uveitis (CMV-AU), frequent recurrences are the primary cause of glaucomatous damage and corneal endothelial cell loss, yet factors influencing such recurrences remain unclear. Our study aims to investigate the impact of glaucoma surgery (GS) on recurrence rate in patients with CMV-AU.

Methods: This retrospective study included 149 immunocompetent patients with CMV-AU treated with antiviral medication following PCR confirmation.

Social support and subjective care burden among the family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients.

Objective: Family caregivers (FCs) play a critical role in supporting terminal cancer patients; however, they often experience significant emotional, physical and financial burdens. While social support may help reduce this burden, research specifically examining its impact during end-of-life care remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between social support and subjective care burden among FCs of terminal cancer patients.

Effect of Exposure to Room Temperature During Storage on Cryopreserved Umbilical Cord Blood Quality.

Cryopreserved umbilical cord blood (CB) for transplantation is occasionally exposed to room temperature during storage in cord blood banks. We evaluated the effect of room temperature exposure on the quality of cryopreserved CB. Forty frozen CB units stored in liquid nitrogen tanks were exposed to room temperature until they reached a target temperature of -130°C (group I), -60°C (group II), -40°C (group III), or -25°C (group IV) (N=10 in each group) and then re-stored.

Tracing the possible origins of the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses from India.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.

Uncovering the evolving arms race between host immunity and HIV-1.

Despite an effective combination of antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists as a lifelong infection and global health threat. The human host equips restriction factors and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that target every step of the viral life cycle. However, HIV-1 has evolved a coordinated immune evasion strategy using a limited set of accessory proteins with distinct antagonistic functions.

Gingival margin repositioning using biologically oriented preparation technique and digital workflow in a maxillary esthetic rehabilitation: A clinical report.

This clinical report describes the management of gingival recession and gingival line asymmetry around fixed partial dentures using the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT). By modifying the emergence profile of the restorations through the BOPT and incorporating a digital workflow, a stable and esthetic gingival margin was achieved. The report highlights the procedural steps, advantages, and limitations of this approach in the anterior maxillary region.

VOCs and PAHs exposure in asphalt paving: measurement by PTR-ToF-MS, Monte Carlo-based risk evaluation, and recommendations for risk reduction.

Research on worker exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during asphalt paving operations remains significantly limited, and regulatory frameworks governing such exposures are also insufficient. Previous studies have primarily focused on a limited number of major VOCs. However, this study employs high-resolution, high-performance Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) to comprehensively evaluate exposure levels to 25 different VOCs.

Application of deep learning for detecting implants in computed tomography scout images with multi-institution and multi-vendor for personal identification.

The identification of deceased individuals is essential in forensic investigations, particularly when primary identification methods such as odontology, fingerprint, or DNA analysis are unavailable. In such cases, implanted medical devices may serve as supplementary identifiers for positive identification. This study proposes deep learning-based methods for the automatic detection of metallic implants in scout images acquired from computed tomography (CT).

Latent fingermark recovery in a simulated café setting: an exploratory study of cyanoacrylate fuming on disposable nonporous plastic and semiporous paper cups.

Latent fingermark recovery from beverage containers is an important aspect of forensic investigations, yet the influence of substrate properties and beverage temperatures on fingermark development remains understudied. This exploratory study assessed the development and quality of latent fingermarks on disposable beverage cups made of nonporous plastic and semiporous paper using cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, under conditions approximating a typical café environment. A total of 255 cups (107 plastic, 148 paper) were collected after participants consumed hot and iced beverages in a controlled classroom setting.

Off-label underdosing of edoxaban antithrombotic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease: findings from the EPIC-CAD trial.

Objective: The impact of off-label underdosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.

Methods: The EPIC-CAD trial (Edoxaban vs Edoxaban with antiPlatelet agent In patients with atrial fibrillation and Chronic stable Coronary Artery Disease) randomised patients with AF and stable CAD to receive either edoxaban monotherapy or dual antithrombotic therapy (edoxaban plus single antiplatelet agent). Off-label underdosing was defined as low-dose edoxaban (30 mg once daily) without standard criteria for dose reduction.

Sleep Disturbances and Metabolic Syndrome in Shift Workers: A Systematic Review.

Poor sleep has been identified as a strong risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Shift workers, who often experience reduced and misaligned sleep due to nighttime work schedules, are particularly susceptible to both sleep disturbances and metabolic syndrome. However, the interplay among shift work, sleep disturbances, and metabolic syndrome remains insufficiently explored.

Investigation of static versus dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance in NiTi endodontic instruments with different alloy treatments at body temperature.

Introduction: This study evaluated the fatigue resistance of two Nickel-titanium (NiTi) engine-driven file systems with identical geometries and different heat treatments tested under static and dynamic conditions in simulated root canals.

Methods: Cyclic fatigue tests were conducted using ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) instruments with a curvature of 35° and a radius of 6 mm in both static and dynamic modes at body temperature using a customized cyclic fatigue testing device. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was recorded.

A Core Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) Model for Exposure Assessment of Multiple Environmental Phenols.

Environmental phenols are widely used in consumer products and are of increasing concern due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models offer a powerful tool for estimating human exposure by translating biomonitoring data into external intake values. However, conventional PBTK models are typically chemical-specific and resource-intensive.

Associations of body mass index, waist circumference, and weight-adjusted waist index with body composition and biomarkers: A multinational pooled analysis.

Background: The widely-used anthropometric indices, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), have limitations in their use as indicators of body composition. Recent studies proposed weight-adjusted waist index (WWI=WC/√(body weight)) as an alternative index for body composition but it is unclear whether WWI reflects body composition in different racial/ethnic groups.

Objective: We examined the associations of WWI, BMI, and WC with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-measured body composition, biomarkers (fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol, triglyceride), and handgrip strength.

Trajectories of Synchronous Subsolid Nodules in Patients with Resected Subsolid Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Introduction: Multifocal subsolid nodules (SSNs) are increasingly detected with widespread lung cancer screening and advanced thoracic imaging, representing a spectrum of multifocal lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). When synchronous SSNs coexist with a surgically confirmed subsolid LUAD, their trajectories remain poorly understood, contributing to uncertainty regarding optimal management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course and impact of synchronous SSNs in such patients and to identify features associated with their progression.

Differential Cortical Hemodynamics During Standard and Reversed Visually Guided Navigation: An fNIRS-Based Investigation.

Visuospatial perception, which is based on the comprehension of objects and space, requires spatial attention to the surrounding environment. Stimulus-related elements that affect visuospatial tasks include object geometry, familiarity, complexity, and picture plane versus depth rotation. The dorsal stream pathway from the visual cortex, which is implicated in spatial processing, reflects the spatial component needed to orient the focus of attention to the location of the expected target stimulus.

Intestinal mucosa-mimetic double-layer gelatin hydrogel for recapitulation of 3D immune microenvironment.

The intestinal immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating systemic immune responses and is implicated in various diseases. Nevertheless, no existing model simultaneously replicates the three-dimensional (3D) immune microenvironment and the mucosal barrier. This study presents a novel mucosa-mimic model that consists of a cell-laden hydrogel matrix and a pseudo-mucus layer that emulate the intestinal lamina propria and mucosal barrier, respectively.

Real-world use of terlipressin in cirrhosis and acute kidney injury: frequent use beyond hepatorenal syndrome.

Background & Aims: Terlipressin is indicated to treat hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-acute kidney injury (AKI), but is likely used outside this primary indication in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate real-world practice patterns on the use of terlipressin in AKI in cirrhosis.

Methods: International prospective study including patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis.