Kaempferol suppresses TLR-2 and TLR-4 coactivation by attenuation of LPS/LTA-induced inflammation and cellular stress.

Background: Bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), specifically lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria (S.

Revision of the velvet spiders (Araneae, Eresidae) with a new record from South Korea.

Background: The genus Walckenaer, 1805, commonly known as the ladybird spiders, comprises 30 species primarily distributed in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental Regions as well as South America, with only one species, Rossi, 1846, recorded from South Korea.

New Information: New taxonomic and distribution data on the genus Walckenaer, 1805, are provided. A newly-recorded species, Simon, 1895, is described along with Rossi, 1846 with a detailed description, illustrations and ecological photographs from South Korea.

Characterization of transcriptomic and proteomic changes in bovine myocytes subject to temporal heat stress.

This study elucidated the degree of molecular response to heat stress (HS) in bovine myocytes by measuring changes in the transcriptome and proteome. Bovine satellite cells (BSCs) were extracted from holstein bull calves (n = 3, BW: 77.10 ± 2.

Case report: A contralateral superficial cervical axial pattern flap in a large head and neck skin defect including a unilateral auricle.

A 3-year-old Shiba Inu was presented to the hospital with a large skin defect (15 cm × 25 cm, oval shape) on the head and neck, involving the left auricle, caused by a traffic accident. Necrotic tissue caused by inflammation was observed in the area of the skin defect. To address this condition, a sugar dressing was applied for 17 days to promote granulation tissue formation before performing a superficial cervical axial pattern flap.

Symmetry-Forbidden Rectification via Dynamic Phase Transitions in the Weyl Metallic State of ZrTe.

Weyl metals, known for their topological structure and chiral anomaly, exhibit nonlinear transport that defies conventional theory. In this study, ZrTe, an inversion-symmetric Dirac semimetal tunable to a Weyl state by magnetic field, is investigated, and rectification (alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) conversion) and third harmonic generation in longitudinal configurations is revealed. Despite its bulk inversion symmetry, symmetry-forbidden rectification and a dynamic phase transition arising from the chiral anomaly are observed.

Neural subnetwork signatures distinguishing source and item memory retrieval: A meta-analysis of 66 fMRI studies.

This meta-analysis of 66 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated neural subnetworks underlying source versus item memory retrieval, emphasizing functional distinctions within major intrinsic brain networks. Results revealed clear differences in subnetwork activation patterns between the two retrieval types. Within the Frontoparietal Network, Subnetwork A exhibited stronger activation during source retrieval, highlighting its key role in managing cognitive control processes necessary for complex memory tasks; in contrast, Subnetworks B and C showed minimal or no task-specific engagement.

A highly sensitive fluorogenic assay for trypsin in urine: a simple diagnostic approach for pancreatic diseases.

A water-soluble pyrene-malonate (PyM) probe enables ultrasensitive, non-invasive detection of urinary trypsin for early pancreatic disease screening. Protamine binding induces aggregation and excimer formation, while trypsin-mediated cleavage disassembles the aggregates and enables monomer fluorescence recovery. The system reliably detects trypsin in 10% human urine within physiological levels.

PTBP3 Associated With 9q32 Locus Is a Candidate Gene for Nager Syndrome.

Background: Mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) is a congenital disorder characterized by defects in facial bones of neural crest origin. Nager syndrome combines many features of MFD with limb defects. Mutations in SF3B4, a gene located on chromosome 1 that encodes a protein of the spliceosome, were identified as a cause for Nager syndrome in approximately 60% of patients.

Characterization of tire and road wear microplastics and phthalates in inhalable PM road Dust: Implications for urban air pollution.

Road dust (RD) is a major contributor to urban environmental pollution. Among its constituents, tire and road wear microplastics (TRWMPs) and phthalates are of increasing concern due to their adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems. This study presents the first integrated analysis of TRWMPs and phthalates in inhalable PM RD, collected from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea.

Catalytic His-loop flexibility drives high activity in hyperthermophilic esterase EstE1 while preserving structural stability.

EstE1, a hyperthermophilic esterase, exhibits high catalytic activity despite its rigid structure. This study investigates how the catalytic His loop modulates enzyme activity in EstE1 and its mesophilic counterpart, rPPE. Mutations were introduced at Gly282 in EstE1 (G282N and G282Q) to promote hydrogen bond formation and at Asp287 in rPPE (D287G and D287E) to disrupt or strengthen loop-stabilizing interactions.

Vitamin D₃ inhibits proliferation and the early stage of adipogenic differentiation but promotes gene expression and lipid accumulation during the late stage of adipogenic differentiation in intramuscular adipose cells of Korean native cattle.

This study investigated the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (vitamin D₃) in regulating adipogenesis in stromal vascular (SV) cells derived from Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), focusing on its dose- (0, 1, 10, and 100 nM) and time-dependent effects across the growth phase and the early(day 3), mid (day 7), and late (day 14) stages of the differentiation phase. SV cells were isolated from the intramuscular fat of the Longissimus thoracis muscle of four female Hanwoo cattle (29 to 32 mo old) raised on the same farm. Vitamin D₃ treatment during the growth phase significantly suppressed preadipocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.

Curcumin as a Dual Modulator of Pyroptosis: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from , has drawn significant attention for its pleiotropic pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by inflammasome activation and gasdermin cleavage, has emerged as a critical target in both chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therapy. This review comprehensively explores the dual roles of curcumin in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Targeting RHAMM in Cancer: Crosstalk with Non-Coding RNAs and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies Including Peptides, Oligomers, Antibodies, and Vaccines.

Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, driven by complex molecular mechanisms that promote metastasis and resistance to therapy. Receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) has emerged as a multifunctional regulator in cancer, contributing to cell motility, invasion, proliferation, and fibrosis. In addition to being regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, RHAMM serves as a promising therapeutic target.

A Comprehensive Review of Numerical and Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Concrete Properties: From Fresh to Long-Term.

The growing demand for innovation and the use of diverse materials in cementitious composites necessitate predictive models that account for material variability. Numerical, code-based, and machine learning (ML) models have been developed to predict various concrete properties. However, their accuracy is significantly influenced by factors such as mix design, composition, intrinsic properties, and external conditions.

A default mode network subsystem supports both item and associative word encoding: Insights from a meta-analysis.

Recent meta-analytic evidence has underscored the significant role of the default mode network (DMN) in facilitating item word encoding. This study builds on this finding through a comprehensive meta-analysis of fMRI-based subsequent memory studies that use words as stimuli. The results highlight several key functions within the DMN.

Enhanced Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells via Synergistic Action of Luteolin and 5-FU Through Oxidative Stress Modulation.

Synergistic therapy is unwaveringly developing as a potential approach to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer medications in chemotherapy. Incorporating adjuvants alongside conventional anticancer medications has demonstrated selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while mitigating adverse effects such as DNA damage and systemic toxicity in normal cells. The extended use of 5-FU, a synthetic medicine used in chemotherapy, has many adverse effects, which limit its long-term use in clinical settings.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To determine the clinical effects, efficacy, adverse events, tolerance, and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy in the elderly.

Materials And Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, clinical trial registry, conference proceedings portal, and citation screening.

Effects of virtual reality intervention on motor function in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic literature review analyzed the effects of virtual reality (VR) on physical function among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Relevant studies published in CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, and PubMed databases were reviewed. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool.

Targeting SHP2 with Natural Products: Exploring Saponin-Based Allosteric Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential.

SHP2, a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, plays a pivotal role in regulating intracellular signaling pathways, particularly the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT cascades, which are critical for cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Aberrant SHP2 activity, often driven by gain-of-function mutations, is implicated in oncogenesis and drug resistance, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Traditional inhibitors targeting SHP2's catalytic site face limitations such as poor selectivity and low bioavailability.

Association between emotional problems and dizziness by age in a representative population in Korea.

Objective: Emotional problems like depression and anxiety are closely related to various physical and mental disorders. However, the specific relationship between emotional problems and dizziness is not well understood. The main purpose of this study is to examine the association between emotional problems and dizziness by age in a representative population of Korea.

Gallic Acid Improves Muscular Function Through Enhanced Myoblast Myogenesis in Mice.

Skeletal muscle health is crucial for maintaining physical function and metabolic homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of gallic acid, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, on myogenesis and muscle function. In vitro experiments using mouse primary myoblasts demonstrated that gallic acid (10 μg/mL) enhanced myogenic differentiation, evidenced by increased Myh3 protein expression (3.

Sex Differences in Strength, Self-Estimation, and Pain Perception Based on Physical Activity After Rotator Cuff Repair.

The role of physical activity in early recovery following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) remains unclear, particularly regarding potential sex differences. This study examined the effects of physical activity on pain, self-estimation, and strength recovery after ARCR in middle-aged and older adults. Patients who underwent ARCR were classified into high physical activity (HPA, n = 94) and low physical activity (LPA, n = 99) groups based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Dietary L-glutamine supplementation enhances growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo heifers via hepatic and skeletal muscle gene regulation.

Given the important roles of L-glutamine (L-Gln) in protein synthesis and energy metabolism, we hypothesized that L-Gln supplementation could improve growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo heifers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-Gln supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and gene expression in the liver and skeletal muscle of Hanwoo heifers. A total of 44 Hanwoo heifers (age: 23.

Aromatic Residue Variations in the Central β‑Sheet Influence Stability and Activity of E. coli Glutaredoxin 3.

Bacterial glutaredoxin Grx3 is a Class I oxidoreductase with a canonical thioredoxin (Trx) fold but exhibits greater conformational flexibility than Trx due to the absence of one α-helix and one β-strand. In Escherichia coli Grx3 (EcGrx3), the adjacent β1 and β3 strands contain Tyr6 and Phe56, which interact with Arg46 in the α2 helix via hydrogen bonding and cation-π interactions, forming a stabilizing Tyr6-Arg46-Phe56 network. To investigate how aromatic residue variation at these sites affects EcGrx3 stability and activity, we introduced substitutions at Phe56 (F56A, F56S, F56I, F56Y, and F56W), Tyr6 (Y6F), and a double mutant (Y6F/F56Y).

Memento Mori? Differences in Translating Perceived Engagement into End-of-Life Preparatory Activities in Germany and South Korea.

Objectives: This study examines whether perceived engagement in end-of-life planning translates into culturally specific patterns of formal (e.g., having a living will) and informal (discussing one's own death with relatives) preparatory activities by comparing older adults in Germany and South Korea, two countries with distinct cultural and legislative contexts.