Impact of Childhood Tonsillectomy on Adult Height-A Study of the UK Biobank.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested a postoperative "catch-up growth" in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Given the tonsils' crucial role in early immune development, examining long-term effects is imperative. This study aims to investigate the impact of tonsillectomy in early life on adult height and height disparity.

Three-Dimensional Presentation of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Histopathology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-A Novel Image Fusion Method.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) modeling has been used in the management of bony head and neck tumors, but not in soft tissue tumors. Currently, histopathological findings of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are presented as two-dimensional images. Previously, we developed a 3D image fusion method that presents tumor histopathology and MRI in 3D form.

Re-PERFUSE: Phase 1b study of AZD3427, a novel relaxin receptor agonist, on renal perfusion in HFrEF patients.

Aims: Renal impairment frequently coexists with heart failure (HF) and is associated with increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. This highlights the urgent need for therapies targeting both cardiac and renal dysfunction. AZD3427, a long-acting recombinant fusion protein and relaxin analogue that selectively activates the relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), showed trends of increased stroke volume and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in HF patients (NCT04630067).

Long COVID and the kidney.

Long coronavirus disease (COVID) - commonly defined as symptoms and/or long-term effects that persist for at least 3 months after acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis - is a complex, multifaceted and heterogeneous disease that affects many organ systems, including the kidney. COVID-19 can cause acute kidney injury, and several studies have reported an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following COVID-19, suggesting that CKD can be a manifestation of long COVID. Furthermore, patients with CKD are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and of long COVID.

Identification of Neuritin 1 as a local metabolic regulator of brown adipose tissue.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis through its thermogenic effects and the secretion of regulatory molecules. Here we report that RAP250 haploinsufficiency stimulates BAT in mice, thus contributing to a decrease in fat accumulation. Local in vivo AAV-mediated RAP250 silencing in BAT reduces body weight and fat mass and enhances glucose oxidation, thereby indicating that RAP250 participates in the regulation of BAT metabolic activity.

Poverty as a Social Determinant of Mental Health Among Young People: Qualitative Findings Across 13 Countries.

Purpose: Social and economic conditions can have a direct impact on the prevalence and severity of mental health problems across the life course. This study explores adolescents' insights on how poverty as a social determinant influences young people's mental health in 13 countries across the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia.

Methods: This study uses qualitative data collected through 71 focus group discussions with adolescents aged 12-19 years.

Adolescent Mental Health and Digital Communication: Perspectives From 11 Countries.

Purpose: The influence of digital communication on adolescent psychosocial development is a growing public health concern. This qualitative multi-country study, initiated by the United Nations Children's Fund, explored adolescents' perceptions of how social media, direct chat or message services, and interactive online gaming impact their mental health and well-being across diverse sociocultural and economic settings.

Methods: Seventy-one focus group discussions on mental health were held with adolescents aged 12-19 years in 13 countries across the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia from February to June 2021.

ERS/EULAR clinical practice guidelines for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseaseDeveloped by the task force for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)Endorsed by the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG).

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines to standardise screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for CTD-ILD are of high importance for optimised patient care.

Methods: A European Respiratory Society and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology task force committee, composed of pulmonologists, rheumatologists, pathologists, radiologists, methodologists and patient representatives, developed recommendations based on PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) questions with grading of the evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) methodology and complementary narrative questions agreed on by both societies.

Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and mortality among patients with HFrEF.

Background: While trial evidence supports the benefit of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), its effectiveness in routine clinical practice is less explored. This study investigated the relative and absolute effectiveness of ARNI in patients with HFrEF.

Methods: This nationwide Danish database study included patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, 2018-2023.

Cerebrovascular Reactivity at Rest and Its Association With Cognitive Function in People With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an indicator of cerebrovascular health, and its signature in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains unknown. The primary aim was to investigate CVR in genetic FTD using an fMRI index of vascular contractility termed resting-state fluctuation amplitudes (RSFAs) and to assess whether RSFA differences are moderated by age. A secondary aim was to study the relationship between RSFA and cognition.

Interprofessional Communication in Psychiatric Units: Barriers, Prerequisites, and Its Role in Shaping Person-Centered Practices - A Vignette Study.

Interprofessional communication is fundamental in healthcare, particularly where patient needs demand coordination and shared understanding. It fosters role clarity, care coordination, and team cohesion. However, unclear hierarchies, heavy workloads, and interpersonal conflicts can disrupt collaboration, affecting professional relationships and patient outcomes.

Temporal Trends in Sexual Identity and Sociodemographic Disparities in Stockholm, Sweden, 2010-2021.

To examine temporal trends in sexual identity and sociodemographic disparities in Sweden after gender-neutral marriage legislation in 2009. We analyzed 3 cross-sectional surveys from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort (2010, 2014, 2021) that included 76 083 participants 16 years or older. Weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between sexual identity and sociodemographic covariates.

A new method for non-invasive determination of effective pulmonary blood flow and cardiac output in spontaneously breathing subjects.

The differential Fick method is well established for measuring effective pulmonary blood flow (EPBF) and cardiac output (CO) but until now it has only been used for patients on mechanical ventilation. Here we present and evaluate a new approach adapted to spontaneous breathing situations. Ten healthy subjects with diverse anthropometric and respiratory parameters were studied in the sitting position.

GDNF receptor GFRα1 is necessary for the maintenance of dopaminergic neurons in the adult substantia nigra.

GFRα1 and Ret are the two necessary components of the receptor for GDNF, a neurotrophic factor discovered in the early 1990's for its ability to support the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, including those in the substantia nigra (SN) that project to the dorsal striatum (dSTR) and degenerate in Parkinson's Disease. Several GDNF clinical trials have been conducted to date with mixed results. Despite the physiological and clinical importance of this signaling system, whether any of its components are required for the maintenance of adult SN neurons has not yet been elucidated.

Stability After Legal Gender Change Among Adults With Gender Dysphoria.

Importance: The number of people seeking treatment for gender dysphoria (GD) has risen in recent decades, yet data remain limited for understanding cases of detransition (ie, the reversal of social, medical, or legal transition). Legal gender change in national registers poses an opportunity to examine legal gender reversals, which may reflect an aspect of the detransition process, while also informing an understanding of the stability after a legal gender change.

Objective: To determine the probability of obtaining a legal gender change and its stability over time among people diagnosed with GD in Sweden during a 10-year study period.

Use of Ancillary Procedures in Combination with the MACS-Lift for Facial Rejuvenation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: While facelifts remain central to facial rejuvenation, ancillary procedures are essential for addressing aspects of aging not corrected by facelifting alone, such as soft tissue atrophy and skin quality. Despite their routine use, few reviews describe their role alongside facelifts in modern practice.

Objective: To define the range of ancillary procedures used with the Minimal Access Cranial Suspension (MACS) lift in current practice.

Comparison of liver histology and fibrosis-4 scoring as tools for evaluating healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with MASLD: a Swedish cohort study.

Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with substantial clinical and economic burden. Fibrosis detection is key to disease management, but biopsy-defined staging is invasive, expensive, and associated with complications. We evaluated healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs by disease stage using biopsy-defined staging and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4; a simple, well-validated, non-invasive tool for assessing fibrosis severity), and compared their utility for predicting long-term outcomes in MASLD.

The assessment and management of patients with type 2 myocardial infarction: an international Delphi study.

Aims: Type 2 myocardial infarction due to myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance is associated with poor outcomes. There are no guidelines to inform care for these patients. The consensus on the assessment and management of type 2 myocardial infarction is gained.

Preoperative knee laxity is not associated with subjective knee function or revision surgery after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An analysis of 5425 patients.

Purpose: To determine whether preoperative knee laxity, as measured by the KT-1000 arthrometer, was associated with subjective knee function preoperatively and at 1, 2 and 5 years, or with revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) within 5 years of the primary surgery.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary ACLR using a hamstring tendon autograft at the Capio Artro Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018, and had no associated ligament injuries, were identified. The KT-1000 arthrometer (134-N) was used to assess knee laxity preoperatively.

Receiving Return-To-Work Coordination at Swedish Primary Healthcare Clinics: A Register-Based Study Among People on Sickness Absence.

Purpose: This study investigates factors associated with receiving return-to-work (RTW) coordination within primary healthcare and the association between received RTW coordination and the amount of sickness absence (SA) days.

Methods: This register study included 13019 people who had SA at some time between March 2019 and February 2020 and visited a primary healthcare clinic that employed a RTW coordinator. Logistic regressions were used to investigate received RTW coordination.

Discovery of core genes for systemic lupus erythematosus via genome-wide aggregated trans-effects analysis.

The "omnigenic" hypothesis postulates that the polygenic effects of common variants on a typical complex trait coalesce on relatively few core genes through trans-effects on their expression. Our aim was to identify core genes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by testing for association with genome-wide aggregated trans-effects (GATE) scores for gene expression in a large genetic dataset (5267/4909 SLE cases/controls). SLE was strongly associated with upregulation of expression of eight interferon-stimulated genes driven by shared trans-effects.

Living With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Patients' Experiences of Daily Life.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed in late stages of the disease with only a 10% 5-year survival. The disease is associated with complex symptoms and psychological distress.

Aims: The specific objective of this qualitative study was to explore patients' experiences of what symptoms and distress that had impact on their everyday life.