Molecular Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Homeostasis during Abiotic Stresses in Plants.

Abiotic stressors, such as drought, heavy metals, and high salinity, are causing huge crop losses worldwide. These abiotic stressors are expected to become more extreme, less predictable, and more widespread in the near future. With the rapidly growing human population and changing global climate conditions, it is critical to prevent global crop losses to meet the increasing demand for food and other crop products.

Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance and Biomass Partitioning toward Harvestable Organs in Saffron ( L.).

Saffron is a valuable plant and one of the most expensive spices worldwide. Nowadays, there is a tendency to produce this crop in indoor plant production systems. However, the production of saffron is restricted by the need for the reproduction of high-quality corms.

Molybdenum and hydrogen sulfide synergistically mitigate arsenic toxicity by modulating defense system, nitrogen and cysteine assimilation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seedlings.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has emerged as a potential gasotransmitter in plants with a beneficial role in stress amelioration. Despite the various known functions of HS in plants, not much information is available to explain the associative role of molybdenum (Mo) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) signaling in plants under arsenic toxicity. In view to address such lacunae in our understanding of the integrative roles of these biomolecules, the present work attempts to decipher the roles of Mo and HS in mitigation of arsenate (AsV) toxicity in faba bean (Vicia faba L.

Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance during Healing and Acclimatization of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings.

To investigate the importance of light on healing and acclimatization, in the present study, grafted watermelon seedlings were exposed to darkness (D) or light, provided by blue (B), red (R), a mixture of R (68%) and B (RB), or white (W; 35% B, 49% intermediate spectra, 16% R) LEDs for 12 days. Survival ratio, root and shoot growth, soluble carbohydrate content, photosynthetic pigments content, and photosynthetic performance were evaluated. Seedling survival was not only strongly limited in D but the survived seedlings had an inferior shoot and root development, reduced chlorophyll content, and attenuated photosynthetic efficiency.

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Gas Permeability through Orthogonal Networks for Isotropic Porous Material.

With regard to the problem of gas flow through isotropic porous deposits, the issues were considered in the category of description of gas movement mechanisms for structural models of the skeleton. As part of experimental tests of gas permeability through porous material in the form of polyamide, the numerical simulation method was used, using the - turbulence model. The analysis of hydrodynamic phenomena occurring in the porous material made it possible to confront experimental research with numerical calculations.

Synergistic Effects of Melatonin and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid on Protection of Photosynthesis System in Response to Multiple Abiotic Stressors.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and melatonin are endogenous compounds that enhance plant responses to abiotic stresses. The response of to different stressors (salinity (NaCl), poly ethylene glycol (PEG), and sulfur dioxide (SO)) was studied after priming with sole application of GABA and melatonin or their co-application (GABA + melatonin). Both melatonin and GABA and their co-application increased leaf area, number of flowers, shoot dry and fresh weight, and total biomass.

The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows.

The study attempted to estimate the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows in relation to their feeding management. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to determine and compare the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows using Wood's model and to estimate the association between the lactation curves and feeding management. The second objective was to investigate the effect of the culling rate on improvement in the milk yield of primiparous dairy herds.

Effects of on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Tomato Plants.

The beneficial role of fungi from the genus and its secondary metabolites in promoting plant growth, uptake and use efficiency of macronutrients and oligo/micro-nutrients, activation of plant secondary metabolism and plant protection from diseases makes it interesting for application in environmentally friendly agriculture. However, the literature data on the effect of inoculation on tomato fruit quality is scarce. Commercially used tomato cultivars were chosen in combination with indigenous species previously characterized on molecular and biochemical level, to investigate the effect of on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of plants grown in organic system of production.

Functional Characterization of the Photosynthetic Machinery in Galls on the Parasitic Plant by JIP-Test.

Members of the genus are generally considered to be non-photosynthetic, stem-holoparasitic flowering plants. Under certain circumstances, at least some members of the genus are capable of limited photosynthesis. The galls of the weevils formed on are particularly rich in chlorophylls compared to the stem of the parasitic plant.

MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 impacts leaf development, temperature, and stomatal movement in hybrid aspen.

Stomatal movement and density influence plant water use efficiency and thus biomass production. Studies in model plants within controlled environments suggest MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 (MPK4) may be crucial for stomatal regulation. We present functional analysis of MPK4 for hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) grown under natural field conditions for several seasons.

Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland.

The aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method.

Salicylic Acid Accumulation Controlled by LSD1 Is Essential in Triggering Cell Death in Response to Abiotic Stress.

Salicylic acid (SA) is well known hormonal molecule involved in cell death regulation. In response to a broad range of environmental factors (e.g.

Tenuazonic Acid-Triggered Cell Death Is the Essential Prerequisite for (Fr.) Keissler to Infect Successfully Host .

The necrotrophic fungus contains different pathotypes that produce different mycotoxins. The pathotype secretes the non-host-selective toxin tenuazonic acid (TeA), which can cause necrosis in many plants. Although TeA is thought to be a central virulence factor of the pathotype, the precise role of TeA in different stages of host infection by pathogens remains unclear.

Dry Matter Yield of Maize ( L.) as an Indicator of Mineral Fertilizer Efficiency.

This study presents the results of 3-year field trials, whose purpose was to assess the dynamics of dry matter accumulation by maize depending on the placement depth of a two-component (NP) mineral fertilizer in the soil layer, type of nitrogen fertilizer and date of its application. Weather conditions, mainly thermal in the early growing season, had a significant effect on maize responses to placement depth of phosphorus starting dose in the soil profile. In the initial stage of maize development, the temperature determined plant growth to a significantly higher extent than the sum of rainfall.

Assessment of leakage management in small water supplies using performance indicators.

The revision of the Drinking Water Directive (DWD), which the process of consultation by the European Parliament is coming to the end, includes a commitment for all Member States to assess the level of water leakage. The overarching aim of this action is to reduce water loss through leaks. In regard to this, use of performance indicators as suitable to enable assessment of water utility performance with regard to leakage reduction, including impacts on environment and cost-efficiency, is recommended.

The pump-mixed anaerobic digestion of pig slurry: new technology and mathematical modeling.

Biogas production is a relatively novel and developing branch of the renewable fuel sector, which allows agricultural waste, and more, to be used as a feedstock. New technologies have been integrated into the process to improve its efficiency. In this study, a pump-mixed anaerobic digestion concept is considered for both experimental and modeling approaches.

Identifying causes of poor water quality in a Polish agricultural catchment for designing effective and targeted mitigation measures.

The Gowienica Miedwiańska catchment is a small agricultural catchment located in the NW of Poland draining into Lake Miedwie, on which a drinking water source for the city of Szczecin is located. The catchment is characterized by very rich soils. Subsequently, agriculture is intensive and this is thought to influence the poor water quality in the local area.

EDS1-Dependent Cell Death and the Antioxidant System in Leaves is Deregulated by the Mammalian Bax.

Cell death is the ultimate end of a cell cycle that occurs in all living organisms during development or responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the course of evolution, plants and animals evolve various molecular mechanisms to regulate cell death; however, some of them are conserved among both these kingdoms. It was found that mammalian proapoptotic BCL-2 associated X (Bax) protein, when expressed in plants, induces cell death, similar to hypersensitive response (HR).

A multi-actor, participatory approach to identify policy and technical barriers to better farming practices that protect our drinking water sources.

Despite an improvement of water quality across Europe there are many pollution hotspots for both nitrates and PPPs, mainly due to agricultural activities. The BMPs and MMs to reduce pollution from agriculture are well known, and there are policy instruments in place to ensure drinking water standards, but the current approach has not been efficient enough. Within the H2020 Water Protect project the premise was that there is a need for a multi-actor, participatory approach to tackle the issue from a new angle, and to assess why the uptake of known BMPs and MMs was not better among farmers.

FMO1 Is Involved in Excess Light Stress-Induced Signal Transduction and Cell Death Signaling.

Because of their sessile nature, plants evolved integrated defense and acclimation mechanisms to simultaneously cope with adverse biotic and abiotic conditions. Among these are systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). Growing evidence suggests that SAR and SAA activate similar cellular mechanisms and employ common signaling pathways for the induction of acclimatory and defense responses.

Rediscovery of (Cyperaceae) on the northeast periphery of its range in Europe.

In recent years, three large populations of were found in Poland, the richest occurrence of this species in over 30 years. The goal of this research is to determine the habitat factors lead to the mass occurrence of and the present situation of that species and its habitat in Central Europe. Soil conditions of the three populations were studied.

Fish size effect on sagittal otolith outer shape variability in round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814).

Round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) has become a significant component in the diet of piscivorous fish from the Pomeranian Bay (Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea). Proper identification of fish species in the diet of predators is significant in biological studies of fish and other aquatic animal species, and, with regard to N. melanostomus, it is important to the knowledge of trophic web structures in areas this species has invaded.

Welcome to the Czech Republic again! Rare northern mosses and (Amblystegiaceae) in South Bohemia in light of their European distribution and habitat preferences.

Two aquatic moss species, and (Amblystegiaceae, Bryophyta), which had been considered extinct in the Czech Republic, were found in the Třeboň Basin, South Bohemia, in 2016-2017. They co-occurred in extensive reed- and sedge-dominated fen pools with humic water on the shore of an old fishpond and the former species was also discovered in a small humic pool in an old shallow sand-pit. The new Czech sites of these rare boreal species represent one of the southernmost known outposts within their entire European range.

The use of a natural substrate for immobilization of microalgae cultivated in wastewater.

The methods of separation of microalgae has a significant impact in the economic aspects of their cultivation. In this study, pine bark was used as a substrate for immobilization of microalgal biomass cultivated in raw municipal sewage. The experiment was conducted in cylindrical photobioreactors (PBRs) with circulation of wastewater.

Low-Cost Investment with High Quality Performance. Bleaching Earths for Phosphorus Reduction in the Low-Temperature Bleaching Process of Rapeseed Oil.

Rapeseed oils are a valuable component of the diet. Mostly, there are refined oils deprived of valuable nutrients in the market, hence in recent times cold-pressed and unrefined oils have been available and popular among consumers. However, the low yield of this oil makes this product expensive.