Anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-5 receptor therapy significantly improves quality of life and FEV1 values in patients with severe asthma.

In recent years, the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukin-5 (anti-IL-5) and its receptor alpha (anti-IL-5R) has proven to be an effective therapeutic option for patients with severe asthma by reducing the number of eosinophils, which may promote disease remission. This study aimed to evaluate clinical improvement and remission in patients with severe asthma treated with anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-5R antibodies over a period of 12 months. A cohort study was conducted with 49 patients diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma and who did not respond to conventional treatment.

Toward a Self-Inflating Bag Mechanical Ventilator, Maturation in Continuous Use, Safety, and Repeatability for Ventilatory Variables.

Background: Researchers proposed mechanical ventilators (MVs) based on the automated compression of a self-inflating bag (SIB) to save lives during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many proposals had problems with continuous use time, repeatability of ventilatory variables, high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) values, and a decreasing fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) for high respiratory rates.

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate that our technology, based on automated compression of an SIB, can operate for several days, is repeatable in its ventilatory variables, and is safe in the ventilator-patient interaction.

Impact of Multimodal Surgical Resection and Personalized Targeted Therapy on Survival Outcomes in Early-Stage Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Meta-Analysis.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with limited evaluates the efficacy and safety of these treatments. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including 14 studies that compared multimodal therapies for early-stage MPM. Continuous variables were analyzed using random-effects modeling, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics.

Biomarker profile and disease burden associated with intermittent and long-term oral corticosteroid use in patients with severe asthma prior to biologic initiation in real-life (STAR).

Background: Asthma characterization using blood eosinophil count (BEC) (among other biomarkers and clinical indices) is recommended in severe asthma (SA), but the masking effect of oral corticosteroids (OCS), makes this challenging.

Aim: Our aim was to explore the effect of OCS use (both intermittent [iOCS] and long-term [LTOCS]) prior to biologic initiation on SA phenotype and biomarker profile in real-life and to characterize the burden of SA among patients prescribed LTOCS by biomarker profile.

Methods: This was a registry-based cohort study, including data from 23 countries collected between 2003 and 2023 and shared with the Internatonal Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR).

Microsurgical insights: A comprehensive anatomical study of Heubner's recurrent artery.

Background: The recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) was first described by Johann Heubner in 1872 and later named by H.F. Aitken in 1909.

Prediction Pathway for Severe Asthma Exacerbations: A Bayesian Network Analysis.

Background: Accurate risk prediction of exacerbations is pivotal in severe asthma management. Multiple risk factors are at play, but the pathway of risk prediction remains unclear.

Research Question: How do the interplays of clinically relevant predictors lead to severe exacerbations in patients with severe asthma?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with severe asthma (n = 6,814, aged ≥ 18 years), biologic naive, were identified from the Severe Asthma Registry (2017-2021).

Navigating Complex Cardiac Defects: A Neonatal Case of Pentalogy of Fallot With Vascular Anomalies Identified via Cardiac CT Angiography.

The pentalogy of Fallot stands out as one of the rarest and most complex congenital heart defects. Pulmonary artery stenosis, a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, and atrial septal communication characterize it. Due to its complexity and associated malformations, advanced imaging methods, such as cardiac CT angiography, have become essential for proper characterization.

No More High Notes: A Sequel of Spontaneous Laryngeal Rupture.

Spontaneous laryngeal rupture is an unusual event, typically caused by a sudden increase in barometric pressure and biomechanical forces within the laryngotracheal complex. Triggers often include actions such as coughing, sneezing, or violent retching. Given the delicate structures involved in this region, careful assessment is essential to ensure proper management and prevent complications.

Superiority of the Septal Extension Graft Technique in Rhinoplasty Patient Satisfaction Versus the Intercrural Strut.

Considering that rhinoplasty is one of the most demanded surgeries nowadays, it is necessary to analyse the relationship between the final result and the satisfaction of the patients who have undergone surgery. The objective of this study was to measure patient satisfaction by comparing the results achieved 6 months after their surgery following the use of two surgical techniques: the , in contrast to the . Ambispective analytical cohort study in two parallel groups with patients scheduled for rhinoplasty.

Gallstone ileus presenting in an elderly patient: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Biliary ileus is a rare yet significant cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction, which occurs when a gallstone enters the gastrointestinal tract through a bilioenteric fistula, leading to intestinal blockage. This condition primarily affects elderly patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 94-year-old female with a history of hypertension and chronic venous insufficiency.

Migration and section of esophageal thermometer in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: Clinical case of a preventable complication.

Introduction And Importance: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a prevalent bariatric surgery for managing morbid obesity. Despite its efficacy, complications can arise, particularly from intraoperative devices such as esophageal thermometers and orogastric tubes. These devices, if misplaced or inadequately monitored, can migrate and become entrapped or sectioned during surgery, leading to significant morbidity.

Congenital transmesenteric hernia: A rare case in adults.

Introduction And Importance: Congenital transmesenteric hernia is a rare form of hernia and intestinal obstruction. Autopsy studies report an incidence of 0.2-0.

Polybrachysyndactyly in all 4 extremities: Case report.

Introduction And Importance: Polybrachysyndactyly is the combination of malformations and is considered a congenital anomaly that is very difficult to treat. In addition to presenting as a disabling entity, it is a reason for little acceptance under the aesthetic standards established by society.

Case Presentation: 6-year-old male patient with polybrachysyndactyly in all 4 extremities.

Clinical Implications of a Missing Hepatic Segment of the Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report.

Anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are often discovered incidentally, yet they pose significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. This study discusses a case of a 50-year-old female with situs inversus and well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, emphasizing the rarity and complexity involved. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of dextrocardia, abdominal situs inversus, and an interrupted IVC with continuation to the azygos vein.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, literature review.

Obesity is a global health concern that has been increasing over the years, and it is associated with several pathophysiological changes affecting the respiratory system, including alveolar hypoventilation. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is one of the six subtypes of sleep-hypoventilation disorders. It is defined as the presence of obesity, chronic alveolar hypoventilation leading to daytime hypercapnia and hypoxia, and sleep-disordered breathing.

Toxic megacolon: a potentially lethal condition. Case report.

Toxic megacolon denotes an abrupt non-obstructive distension of the colon, accompanied by systemic signs of toxicity. Mortality rates can soar as high as 7.9%.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma as a Rare Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) are a group of sporadic malignancies that generally have an aggressive clinical course, especially the subtype of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL. The appropriate diagnostic study modalities must be chosen to make an accurate diagnosis and promptly initiate specific treatment. We present the clinical case of a 72-year-old male patient with dyspnea on small efforts accompanied by diaphoresis and a weight loss of 10 kg in two months.

International Variation in Severe Exacerbation Rates in Patients With Severe Asthma.

Background: Exacerbation frequency strongly influences treatment choices in patients with severe asthma.

Research Question: What is the extent of the variability of exacerbation rate across countries and its implications in disease management?

Study Design And Methods: We retrieved data from the International Severe Asthma Registry, an international observational cohort of patients with a clinical diagnosis of severe asthma. We identified patients aged ≥ 18 years who did not initiate any biologics prior to baseline visit.

Usual interstitial pneumopathy in a patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and microscopic polyangiitis. Case report.

One of the most frequent diffuse interstitial lung diseases is hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is related to exposure to diverse antigens, causing fibrosis in advanced stages, making the differential diagnosis with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis difficult as it overlaps with the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. On the other hand, there are interstitial lung diseases associated with ANCA, such as microscopic polyangiitis, which is also related to the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern.

Clinical and anatomical analysis of the epileptogenic spread patterns in focal cortical dysplasia patients.

Background: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the main causes of intractable epilepsy, which is amendable by surgery. During the surgical management of FCD, the understanding of its epileptogenic foci, interconnections, and spreading pathways is crucial for attaining a good postoperative seizure free outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 54 FCD patients operated in Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia.

Polymorphisms in the Renin-Angiotensin System and eNOS Glu298Asp Genes Are Associated with Increased Risk for Essential Hypertension in a Mexican Population.

Background: Essential hypertension is the result of modifiable and genetic factors, and it is associated with increased risk for atherothrombosis. Some polymorphisms are associated with hypertensive disease. The objective was to analyze the association between eNOS Glu298Asp, MTHR C677T, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, and A1166C and ACE I/D polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the Mexican population.