Sensitivity and Contrast Characterization of PMMA 950K Resist Under 30 keV Focused Ga Ion Beam Exposure.

In this study, the key lithographic performance of PMMA 950K resist was evaluated by exposure to a 30 keV focused gallium (Ga) ion beam. The sensitivity and contrast of PMMA 950K were directly compared with those of electron exposure under identical development conditions. It was found that the sensitivity of PMMA 950K to Ga ions for 50 nm films reaches a value of about 0.

Binder-Free FeO/MWCNT/Al Electrodes for Supercapacitors.

This work presents a method for preparing an FeO/MWCNT/Al composite electrode without the use of a binder. Synthesizing the composite material directly on conductive substrates allows one to obtain ready-made supercapacitor electrodes characterized by high values of specific capacity, as well as resistance to numerous charge/discharge cycles. Using an array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a conductive base for the synthesis of iron oxide allows for the production of a composite material that combines the positive properties of both materials.

Hemp-based lignocellulosic mass as a basis for producing textile fibers.

Bast crops without narcotic ingredients are of particular significance to northern countries as seeds source, fibers, and dissolving pulp. In comparison to wood, hemp fibers contain a higher concentration of cellulose, whereas lignin is substantially lower. Winter maceration removes part of the cellulose satellites (pectins) and facilitate its further cooking.

Scalable synthesis of millimeter-long single crystal TaNiSe Van der Waals nanowires.

One-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) nanowires, formed from molecular chains bonded through weak interactions, represent a significant departure from traditional nanowires by offering the potential to miniaturize functional devices to the molecular scale while maintaining crystallinity, a feature attributable to their exfoliable nature and chemically inert surfaces. However, the lack of efficient synthesis methods has hindered the exploration of their intrinsic properties and potential applications. The production of vdW nanowires has predominantly relied on the exfoliation of bulk crystals, leaving their direct synthesis largely unexplored.

Unlocking the Potential of 1D MXY Ternary Transition Metal Chalcogenides: A Review.

One-dimensional (1D) ternary transition metal chalcogenides (MXY) have emerged as a promising class of materials for advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications. This Mini-Review comprehensively explores recent advancements in their synthesis, characterization, and integration into functional devices. The studied nanowires display exceptional performance as semiconductor 1D nanostructures in photodetection, field-effect transistors, and gas sensing.

Gadolinium-doped carbon nanoparticles: coordination, spectroscopic characterization and magnetic resonance relaxivity.

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are attracting great attention as potential multifunctional agents for biomedical applications because of their bright fluorescence, low toxicity and flexibility of their physico-chemical properties. In the present paper, aqueous solutions of CNPs doped with gadolinium (Gd) (Gd-CNPs) within a widely varying range of Gd concentrations were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The influence of Gd doping on the optical properties and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity of Gd-CNPs was revealed.

Geometrical and Electronic Structure of Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated Platinum(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Complexes.

The composition of the saturated vapors of two platinum complexes with the macrocyclic ligands 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (PtTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtTFPP) and their structures were determined by synchronous gas-phase electron diffraction/mass spectrometry (GED/MS). These porphyrin complexes are those with the heaviest metal atom in the coordination cavity that have been structurally investigated in the gas phase. The mass spectra confirm the presence of a single molecular form of each, PtTPP (T=629 K) and PtTFPP (T=597 K).

Proton irradiation Of GaO Schottky diodes and NiO/GaO heterojunctions.

p-NiO/n-GaO heterojunction (HJ) diodes exhibit much larger changes in their properties upon 1.1 MeV proton irradiation than Schottky diodes (SDs) prepared on the same material. In p-NiO/GaO HJ diodes, the narrow region adjacent to the HJ boundary is found to contain a high density of relatively deep centers with levels near E-0.

Application of Graphene in Acoustoelectronics.

An interdigital transducer structure was fabricated from multilayer graphene on the surface of the YZ-cut of a LiNbO ferroelectric crystal. The multilayer graphene was prepared by CVD method and transferred onto the surface of the LiNbO substrate. The properties of the multilayer graphene film were studied by Raman spectroscopy.

Nanoparticles of dust as an emerging contaminant in urban environments.

Due to very high mobility in the environment and penetration ability into living organisms, nanoparticles (NPs) of urban dust pose a potential threat to human health and urban ecosystems. Currently, data on the chemical composition of NPs of urban dust, their fate in the environment, and corresponding risks are rather limited. In the present work, NPs of deposited urban dust have been comprehensively studied for the first time; NPs isolated from 78 samples of dust collected in Moscow, the largest megacity in Europe, being taken as example.

New Amphiphilic Terpolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidone with Acrylic Acid and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate as Promising Drug Delivery: Design, Synthesis and Biological Properties In Vitro.

The terpolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) with acrylic acid and triethylene glycol methacrylate were synthesized with more than 90% yield by radical copolymerization in ethanol from monomeric mixtures of different molar composition (98:2:2, 95:5: 2 and 98:2:5) and their monomer composition, absolute molecular masses and hydrodynamic radii in aqueous media were determined. Using the MTT test, these terpolymers were established to be low toxic for non-tumor Vero cells and HeLa tumor cells. Polymer compositions of hydrophobic dye methyl pheophorbide a (MPP) based on studied terpolymers and linear polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were obtained and characterized in water solution.

Detection and Visualization of Minor Irradiation-Induced Changes in Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by Raman Spectroscopy.

Exposure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to argon plasma results in chemical modification of the polymer near the surface. Interestingly, PTFE modification can be induced by the sub-band gap ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In the latter case, the changes in the chemical structure are very subtle, and they are practically invisible to conventional experimental techniques.

Modeling of Self-Aligned Selector Based on Ultra-Thin Metal Oxide for Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) Crossbar Arrays.

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is a crucial element for next-generation large-scale memory arrays, analogue neuromorphic computing and energy-efficient System-on-Chip applications. For these applications, RRAM elements are arranged into Crossbar arrays, where rectifying selector devices are required for correct read operation of the memory cells. One of the key advantages of RRAM is its high scalability due to the filamentary mechanism of resistive switching, as the cell conductivity is not dependent on the cell area.

CuO Photocathodes Modified by Graphene Oxide and ZnO Nanoparticles with Improved Photocatalytic Properties.

The modification of photocathodes based on copper(I) oxide (COPC) by coating with ZnO nanoparticles or graphene oxide (GO) with different compositions and morphologies is considered. To cover the catalyst surface with graphene oxide, a technique was proposed via freezing of a sprayed aqueous suspension of graphene oxide followed by sublimation drying under vacuum conditions. This method improves the uniformity of the GO layer in comparison with the traditional drop-casting method and, as a result, improves the photocatalytic properties of the COPC.

Resistive Switching in Bigraphene/Diamane Nanostructures Formed on a LaGaSiO Substrate Using Electron Beam Irradiation.

Memristors, resistive switching memory devices, play a crucial role in the energy-efficient implementation of artificial intelligence. This study investigates resistive switching behavior in a lateral 2D composite structure composed of bilayer graphene and 2D diamond (diamane) nanostructures formed using electron beam irradiation. The resulting bigraphene/diamane structure exhibits nonlinear charge carrier transport behavior and a significant increase in resistance.

One-Stage Process of Reduction, Fluorination, and Doping with Nitrogen of Graphene Oxide Films.

The possibility of chemical modification of a graphene oxide film deposited on a Si/SiO substrate during a one-stage hydrothermal process in the presence of fluorine ions and reducing agents, such as ascorbic acid or hydrazine, is shown. The proposed technique makes it possible to obtain reduced fluorinated graphene nitride oxide (RGOFN) in the form of a thin film with a controlled composition of functional groups by changing the type and concentration of the reducing agent and then transferring the obtained films to any substrate. XPS and IR spectroscopy of the obtained films revealed controlled changes in the structure and composition of graphene oxide associated with the removal of oxygen groups and the incorporation of fluorine ions as well as the reduction of conjugated double bonds and the controlled incorporation of nitrogen into thin RGOFN films.

Macromolecular Design and Engineering of New Amphiphilic -Vinylpyrrolidone Terpolymers for Biomedical Applications.

New amphiphilic VP-(di)methacrylate terpolymers of different monomer compositions and topologies have been synthesized by radical polymerization in toluene without any growth regulator of polymer chains. Their structures and properties in solid state and water solution were studied by double-detector size-exclusion chromatography; IR-, H, and C NMR-spectroscopy; DLS, TEM, TG, and DSC methods. The composition of the VP-AlkMA-TEGDM monomer mixture has been established to regulate the topology of the resulting macromolecules.

Crystal Analyzer Based Multispectral Microtomography Using CCD-Sensor.

To solve the problems of spectral tomography, an X-ray optical scheme was proposed, using a crystal analyzer in Laue geometry between the sample and the detector, which allowed for the selection of predetermined pairs of wavelengths from the incident polychromatic radiation to obtain projection images. On a laboratory X-ray microtomography setup, an experiment was carried out for the first time where a mixture of micro-granules of sodium chloride NaCl, silver behenate AgCHO, and lithium niobate LiNbO was used as a test sample to identify their spatial arrangement. The elements were chosen based on the presence of absorption edges in two of the elements in the energy range of the polychromatic spectrum of the probing radiation.

Coefficients of Thermal Expansion in LaGaSiO and CaTaGaSiO Crystals.

The ordered CaTaGaSiO and disordered LaGaSiO crystals of the lantangallium silicate family were grown via the Czochralski method. The independent coefficients of thermal expansion of crystals αc and αa were determined using X-ray powder diffraction based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction spectra measured in the temperature range of 25~1000 °C. It is shown that, in the temperature range of 25~800 °C, the thermal expansion coefficients are linear.

N-Doped Graphene-like Film/Silicon Structures as Micro-Capacitor Electrodes.

Currently, the miniaturization of portable and autonomous devices is challenging for modern electronics. Graphene-based materials have recently emerged as one of the ideal candidates for supercapacitor electrodes, while Si is a common platform for direct component-on-chip integration. We have proposed the direct liquid-based CVD of N-doped graphene-like films (N-GLFs) on Si as a promising way to achieve solid-state on-chip micro-capacitor performance.

Design and Investigation of New Water-Soluble Forms of α-Tocopherol with Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activity Using Amphiphilic Copolymers of -Vinylpyrrolidone.

Water-soluble forms of α-tocopherol (TP) as an effective antioxidant were obtained by encapsulating it into nanoparticles (NPs) of amphiphilic copolymers of -vinylpyrrolidone with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CPL1-TP) and -vinylpyrrolidone with hexyl methacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CPL2-TP) synthesized by radical copolymerization in toluene. The hydrodynamic radii of NPs loaded with TP (3.7 wt% per copolymers) were typically ca.

Electrical and Recombination Properties of Polar Orthorhombic κ-GaO Films Prepared by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy.

In this study, the structural and electrical properties of orthorhombic κ-GaO films prepared using Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on AlN/Si and GaN/sapphire templates were studied. For κ-GaO/AlN/Si structures, the formation of two-dimensional hole layers in the GaO was studied and, based on theoretical calculations, was explained by the impact of the difference in the spontaneous polarizations of κ-GaO and AlN. Structural studies indicated that in the thickest κ-GaO/GaN/sapphire layer used, the formation of rotational nanodomains was suppressed.

Assessment of sources, environmental, ecological, and health risks of potentially toxic elements in urban dust of Moscow megacity, Russia.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban dust of Moscow megacity and related risks have been studied. 78 samples were collected in the Moscow downtown in sites with different anthropogenic load, namely, major highways, residential area, and recreation zones. The concentrations of PTEs in urban dust were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES.

On the State of Graphene Oxide Nanosheet in a Polyurethane Matrix.

Thermally stable films were obtained from a water-based polyurethane (PU) dispersion with small (0.1-1.5 wt.

Graphene/MoSO/graphene photomemristor with tunable non-volatile responsivities for neuromorphic vision processing.

Conventional artificial intelligence (AI) machine vision technology, based on the von Neumann architecture, uses separate sensing, computing, and storage units to process huge amounts of vision data generated in sensory terminals. The frequent movement of redundant data between sensors, processors and memory, however, results in high-power consumption and latency. A more efficient approach is to offload some of the memory and computational tasks to sensor elements that can perceive and process the optical signal simultaneously.