Valorizing Press Cakes as Ingredients in Textured Vegetable Proteins: Processing, Structure, and Texture.

In this study, press cakes (PCs)-the by-products from almond, coconut, flaxseed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, and sunflower oil production-were used to create textured vegetable proteins (TVPs) that offer both nutritional and sustainability benefits. Several technological and textural properties were measured to evaluate the potential of the PCs for use as ingredients in meat alternatives. After raw material characterization, 15 PC flours were mixed with pea protein isolate at three levels (25%, 45%, and 50-100% PC, depending on composition) and low-moisture extruded in a pilot-scale co-rotating twin-screw extruder (11% feed water content, 150°C barrel temperature, 10.

Gut Hormones and Postprandial Metabolic Effects of Isomaltulose vs. Saccharose Consumption in People with Metabolic Syndrome.

Low-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates like isomaltulose (ISO) are known to enhance incretin release and to improve postprandial glucose control at the following meal (an effect known as second meal effect, or SME), which is particularly beneficial for individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to assess the most effective preprandial interval of ISO- or saccharose (SUC) snacks (1 h vs. 3 h preload) to enhance prandial incretin responses to a subsequent meal.

Advances in large amplitude oscillatory dilatational surface rheology - A review.

Large amplitude oscillatory dilatational (LAOD) surface rheology is an emerging tool for characterising the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of air-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces in multiphase systems, such as in foams and emulsions. These interfaces, stabilised by surfactants or emulsifiers, exhibit complex viscoelastic properties that significantly influence bubble and droplet stability under large deformation conditions. While conventional methods mainly focus on linear viscoelastic behaviour, LAOD allows us to explore the nonlinear deformation behaviour of interfaces, offering deeper insights into the mechanical properties of interfaces upon large deformation.

Temperature and Light Regimes Shape Seasonal Variation in Glucosinolate Hydrolysis in Red Cabbage.

Glucosinolate hydrolysis in can yield health-promoting isothiocyanates but often results in less bioactive nitriles and epithionitriles. Here, the impact of temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod on glucosinolate metabolism was investigated in red cabbage at two developmental stages: sprouts and mature plants. Controlled simulations of summer and autumn cabbage cultivation revealed that high light and warm temperatures (16-h photoperiod, 23.

Vitamin A5: Evidence, Definitions, Gaps, and Future Directions.

With the emergence of a new vitamin concept-vitamin A5-it is essential to first clarify the basic definition of vitamins, particularly vitamin A. This article summarizes the foundational concepts and definitions of vitamins with particular relevance to the discovery, establishment, and categorization of new vitamin concepts. Vitamin A5 was discovered 80 years after the last vitamin was identified.

Corneal safety assessment of germicidal far UV-C radiation.

Far UV-C radiation (200-240 nm) is a promising alternative to conventional UV-C for disinfection in occupied spaces, offering strong germicidal efficacy with reduced skin risk. However, its ocular safety remains unclear, as most studies relied only on non-human corneal models with physiological differences. This study investigated UV-induced DNA damage in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of ex vivo human corneas and porcine corneas, and reconstructed human cornea epithelium (RHCE) using immunohistochemistry.

Prolonged DNA damage at suberythemal UV dose - Dependency on skin type and age.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary risk factor for skin cancer, inducing DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts. DNA repair is influenced by age and skin type. Aging reduces repair capacity, leading to accumulated DNA damage, while darker skin provides some protection through melanin's UV-absorbing properties.

Elemental mapping of cocoa beans with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Cocoa and chocolate are important trading goods and serve as a source of minerals and essential trace elements, important in the human diet. The standard industry practice for quantifying elements in cocoa samples involves the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Within an experimental lab environment, X-ray fluorescence with micrometer resolution (µXRF) can reveal the spatial distribution of elements across cocoa beans.

Purification of Flavonoids from an Aqueous Cocoa ( L.) Extract Using Macroporous Adsorption Resins.

Cocoa is a rich source of health-promoting polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds can be separated from other matrix constituents using various adsorbents or resins. Seven different macroporous resins (Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4, XAD-7, XAD-7HP, XAD-16, Sepabeads SP207, and Diaion HP2-MG) were evaluated for their adsorption and desorption properties for the enrichment of flavonoids from an aqueous cocoa ( L.

Hemp containing breads: Cannabinoid content, profiles, and thermal stability during baking.

The increasing use of hemp in food products raises questions about the stability of cannabinoids during food processing. This study investigated the effects of baking temperature and time on the cannabinoid profile of hemp seed breads and evaluated commercial hemp bakery products for cannabinoid content. Using a validated method, 19 cannabinoids were quantified via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in commercial samples (n = 31) and manufactured breads (n = 72).

Impact of a Chokeberry ( (Michx.) Elliott) Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Critical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

: Chokeberry ( (Michx.) Elliott) is a (poly)phenol-rich fruit with purported cardiometabolic benefits. However, the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains inconclusive.

Towards understanding particle-protein complexes: Physicochemical, structural, and cellbiological characterization of β-lactoglobulin interactions with silica, polylactic acid, and polyethylene terephthalate nanoparticles.

Nanoplastic particles and their additives are increasingly present in the food chain, interacting with biomacromolecules with not yet known consequences. A protein corona forms around the particles in these usually complex matrices, primarily with a first contact at surface-active proteins. However, systematic studies on the interactions between the particles and proteins -especially regarding protein affinity and structural changes due to surface properties like polarity - are limited.

Supplier Risk Assessment-A Quantitative Tool for the Identification of Reliable Suppliers to Enhance Food Safety Across the Supply Chain.

Food safety is a global issue that can be enhanced by collaboration with reliable suppliers. Given the complexities of international supply chains, identifying reliable suppliers is often challenging and resource-intensive. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) offers a valuable opportunity to improve efficiency in this process.

The dichotomy between functional and functionalized foods - A critical characterization of concepts.

Diet is one of the main drivers of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD). Modifying the food supply may be an attractive strategy for promoting health and reducing NCD risk. The intentional modification, processing, enrichment, or fortification of foods to produce "functional foods" currently varies according to legal definitions and existing regulatory frameworks, initially intended function, and production methods.

Enhancement of dry-hopped cider aroma through selection of apple cultivar, hop variety and yeast strain.

Consumers increasingly seek more complex and tropical flavors in their alcoholic beverages. In beer and wine, yeast can release glutathione and cysteine-bound thiols from hops and grapes enhancing their tropical and fruity aromas. This study aimed to enhance cider aroma by combining yeast strains, hop and apple varieties.

Dietary Behavioural Preferences of Spanish and German Adults and Their Translation to the Dietary Recommendations of a Personalised Nutrition App in the Framework of the Stance4Health Project.

: The influence of individual differences in the selection of food portions can have a deep effect on recommendations for personalised nutrition. In addition to typical aspects such us energy density and nutrient composition, portion size is important for dietary recommendations. This study examined the dietary behaviours and portion size selection of 224 subjects in Spain and Germany to use such information to improve dietary adherence to a personalised nutrition app.

Adulteration detection in cactus seed oil: Integrating analytical chemistry and machine learning approaches.

Economically motivated adulteration threatens both consumer rights and market integrity, particularly with high-value cold-pressed oils like cactus seed oil (CO). This study proposes a machine learning model that integrates analytical measurements, data simulations, and classification techniques to detect adulteration of CO with refined sunflower oil (SO) and determine the detectable limit of adulteration without measuring a huge number of different mixtures. First, pure CO and SO samples were analyzed for their fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and tocochromanol content using HPLC or GC.

Impact of Cooking Techniques on the Dietary Fiber Profile in Selected Cruciferous Vegetables.

Cruciferous vegetables of the plant order Brassicales are an attractive dietary component and a valuable source of fiber. However, the nutritional-physiological properties are different when comparing soluble and insoluble fibers. Another significant impact is the transformation of fibers by different influencing factors during food preparation.

Tuning interfacial properties of phospholipid stabilised oil-water interfaces by changing the phospholipid headgroup or fatty acyl chain.

Hypothesis: In-plane interactions among adsorbed phospholipids (PL) at an oil-water interfacial film may vary based on the size of the headgroup or the size and saturation of the fatty acyl chain (FA). In general, stronger interactions are expected when the PL can approach each other closer, when 1) the headgroup is smaller and 2) the FA chain is straight, allowing a good alignment. Also, varying pH might alter PL-PL interactions, as electrostatic forces between the adsorbed PL will decrease with decreasing pH (lower number of charged groups).

The impact of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol on cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The so-called Mediterranean diet, with olive oil as a key component, is effective in reducing cardiometabolic disease risk. Olive oil consumption improves blood pressure, insulin levels and resistance, supporting heart health and glycemic control. Its phenolic compounds, including oleuropein (OLE), hydroxytyrosol (HT), and tyrosol (TYR) are hypothesized to likely contribute to these benefits.

Impact of Thermal, High-Pressure, and Pulsed Electric Field Treatments on the Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic-Rich Apple Pomace Extracts.

Apple pomace, a by-product of apple juice production, is typically discarded as waste. Recent approaches have focused on utilizing apple pomace by extracting beneficial bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant phenolic compounds (PCs). Before these PC-rich extracts can be used in food products, they must undergo food preservation and processing methods.

Fermented black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) products - A systematic review on the composition and current scientific evidence of possible health benefits.

Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) is recognized for its potential health benefits, largely attributed to its high phenolic content. However, many phenolic compounds possess a low bioavailability, potentially limiting their beneficial effects.

Season-dependent variation in the contents of glucosinolates and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide and their hydrolysis in Brassica oleracea.

Brassica vegetables contain glucosinolates and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide, which can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to form bioactive compounds. Glucosinolate hydrolysis can result in formation of health-promoting isothiocyanates, however, often less desirable nitriles and epithionitriles are formed due to presence of specifier proteins. Also, S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide yields beneficial volatile organosulfur compounds (VOSC), such as S-methyl methanethiosulfinate.

Risk Classification of Food Incidents Using a Risk Evaluation Matrix for Use in Artificial Intelligence-Supported Risk Identification.

Foodborne illnesses and mortalities persist as a significant global health issue. The estimates that one out of every ten individuals becomes ill following the consumption of contaminated food. However, in the age of digitalization and technological progress, more and more data and data evaluation technologies are available to counteract this problem.

Biogenic amines and bacterial spoilage in Plant-Based grill sausage alternatives.

Vegan and vegetarian diets are increasing in popularity. Consequently, the supply and demand of plant-based meat alternatives has increased steadily over the past few years. However, scientific research on spoilage processes for such products is still inadequate as compared to research on traditional meat products.