Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of L. Essential Oil and Hydrolate.

Steam distillation was used for the isolation of L. (Moldavian dragonhead) essential oil (DMEO). This aromatic herbaceous plant is widespread across the Northern Hemisphere regions and has been utilized in health-improving studies and applications.

KASP Markers Specific for the Fertility Restorer Locus and Application for Genetic Purity Testing in Sunflowers ( L.).

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) PET1 by the restorer gene . For these SNPs, four Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully designed. The KASP markers cover the fertility restorer locus , spanning about 3 Mb, and clearly differentiate restorer and maintainer lines.

An Epigenetic Alphabet of Crop Adaptation to Climate Change.

Crop adaptation to climate change is in a part attributed to epigenetic mechanisms which are related to response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Although recent studies increased our knowledge on the nature of these mechanisms, epigenetics remains under-investigated and still poorly understood in many, especially non-model, plants, Epigenetic modifications are traditionally divided into two main groups, DNA methylation and histone modifications that lead to chromatin remodeling and the regulation of genome functioning. In this review, we outline the most recent and interesting findings on crop epigenetic responses to the environmental cues that are most relevant to climate change.

Comparative Study of the Essential Oil and Hydrosol Composition of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) from Serbia.

The most abundant volatile compounds of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) essential oil were artemisia ketone (25.4 %) and trans-caryophyllene (10.

Genomics Associated Interventions for Heat Stress Tolerance in Cool Season Adapted Grain Legumes.

Cool season grain legumes occupy an important place among the agricultural crops and essentially provide multiple benefits including food supply, nutrition security, soil fertility improvement and revenue for farmers all over the world. However, owing to climate change, the average temperature is steadily rising, which negatively affects crop performance and limits their yield. Terminal heat stress that mainly occurred during grain development phases severely harms grain quality and weight in legumes adapted to the cool season, such as lentils, faba beans, chickpeas, field peas, etc.

Genetic Diversity of Orobanche cumana Populations in Serbia.

In this study, we report genetic characterization of Orobanche cumana, the causal agent of sunflower wilting in Serbia. The genetic diversity of this parasitic plant in Serbia was not studied before. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and partial rbcL gene sequences analysis were used to characterize the O.

Species in Phytoextractions: Real Potentials and Challenges.

The genus is recognized for including species with phytoaccumulation potential and a large amount of research has been carried out in this area under a variety of conditions, from laboratory experiments to field trials, with spiked or naturally contaminated soils, using one- or multi-element contaminated soil, generating various and sometimes contradictory results with limited practical applications. To date, the actual field potential of species and the feasibility of a complete phytoextraction process have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the results of the experiments that have been performed with a view to analyzing real potentials and limitations.

Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Terpenoid Profiling of Pumpkin Fruit Pulps from a Serbian and Breeding Collection.

Pumpkin is considered a healthy and functional food. The consumption of pumpkins and pumpkin-based foods has been shown to confer several beneficial effects on human health due to their antioxidant capacity and terpenoid content. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize the in vitro antioxidant capacity (using FRAP and ABTS assays), terpenoid profile (using an untargeted lipidomics approach via high-resolution UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry), and carotenoid content (by HPLC-DAD) in pumpkin fruit pulp from accessions differing for species (11 and 9 ), cultivar, and origin, belonging to a Serbian breeding collection.

Multilocus Genotyping of ' Phytoplasma solani' Associated with Rubbery Taproot Disease of Sugar Beet in the Pannonian Plain.

Rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet (RTD), associated with ' Phytoplasma solani', appeared in 2020 on an epidemic scale in northern Serbia and southern Slovakia, situated at opposite edges of the Pannonian Plain. In the affected locations where the disease was assessed, symptomatic sugar beets were analysed for phytoplasma infection. Additionally, multilocus sequence analyses of '.

Drought and High Temperature Stress in Sorghum: Physiological, Genetic, and Molecular Insights and Breeding Approaches.

Sorghum is one of the staple crops for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The future climate in these sorghum production regions is likely to have unexpected short or long episodes of drought and/or high temperature (HT), which can cause significant yield losses. Therefore, to achieve food and nutritional security, drought and HT stress tolerance ability in sorghum must be genetically improved.

Diversity Assessment of the Montenegrin Maize Landrace Gene Pool Maintained in Two Gene Banks.

Due to the loss of agro-biodiversity, there is a strong effort to find apparent and efficient mechanisms for the conservation and sustainable use of genetic diversity. A joint monitoring of the diversity and collections structure of the Montenegrin maize landraces conserved in the Serbian (MRIZPGB) and Montenegrin (MGB) gene banks has been conducted in order to improve the composition of the collections and to identify and eliminate possible redundancy. Based on a separate analysis of white- and yellow-orange maize landraces, it can be concluded that the diversity and evolution of distinct maize landraces grown and collected in Montenegro have been simultaneously shaped by both environmental (i.

Identification of a metallothionein gene and the role of biological thiols in stress induced by short-term Cd exposure in Ostrinia nubilalis.

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential metal that is highly toxic to all living forms, characterized by an extremely high affinity for thiol (SH) groups. The aim of this work was to identify and experimentally verify metallothionein gene and to analyze the role of biological thiols in stress induced by short-term Cd exposure in Ostrinia nubilalis, one of the most important corn pests. The coding region of a metallothionein (MT) gene in O.

Phytoremediation potential of the naturally occurring wetland species in protected Long Beach in Ulcinj, Montenegro.

Long Beach, situated in southern Montenegro, is subject to considerable biogenic and abiogenic influences. Thus, analyzing total heavy metal content in soil and plants in this region is, while challenging, highly important in order to assess the level for determining the soil degradation level and the phytoremediation potential of naturally growing salt marsh species. This area together with a Bojana river and backshore forms a real vegetation mosaic where habitats of various types coexist.

Deciphering the Epigenetic Alphabet Involved in Transgenerational Stress Memory in Crops.

Although epigenetic modifications have been intensely investigated over the last decade due to their role in crop adaptation to rapid climate change, it is unclear which epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore transmitted to their progeny. The identification of epigenetic marks that are transmitted to the next generations is of primary importance for their use in breeding and for the development of new cultivars with a broad-spectrum of tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss general aspects of plant responses to environmental stresses and provide an overview of recent findings on the role of transgenerational epigenetic modifications in crops.

Genetic Improvement in Sunflower Breeding-Integrated Omics Approach.

Foresight in climate change and the challenges ahead requires a systematic approach to sunflower breeding that will encompass all available technologies. There is a great scarcity of desirable genetic variation, which is in fact undiscovered because it has not been sufficiently researched as detection and designing favorable genetic variation largely depends on thorough genome sequencing through broad and deep resequencing. Basic exploration of genomes is insufficient to find insight about important physiological and molecular mechanisms unique to crops.

Correlation of elongation factor 1A accumulation with photosynthetic pigment content and yield in winter wheat varieties under heat stress conditions.

Heat stress is one of the most important environmental factors that influences wheat growth and development, leading to significant losses in grain yield and has become a significant detrimental factor for worldwide wheat production. In recent years, several studies suggested that eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), may contribute to heat tolerance in plants, therefore the aim of this study was: to investigate the accumulation of eEF1A in wheat under conditions of moderate and high air temperatures; to determine the amount of photosynthetic pigments and to determine the yield traits; and to examine whether there is a correlation between eEF1A accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, and yield in different wheat varieties. The results showed that heat stress induced accumulation of eEF1A significantly different among wheat varieties and showed that varieties with a higher accumulation of eEF1A under heat stress are characterized by a smaller decrease in the photosynthetic pigments.

Plant uptake and soil retention of radionuclides and metals in vineyard environments.

In most European countries, each adult citizen drinks on average more than 20 L of wine every year. Three popular wine-growing areas (Aleksandrovac, Topola, and Orahovac) in Serbia were studied in order to investigate the abundance and uptake of elements from vineyard soil to plants. The specific activities of radionuclides (Ra, Th, K, Cs, and Be) were measured in soil, leaves, and grape berries.

Multivariate Interaction Analysis of Winter Wheat Grown in Environment of Limited Soil Conditions.

The less productive soils present one of the major problems in wheat production. Because of unfavorable conditions, halomorphic soils could be intensively utilized using ameliorative measures and by selecting suitable stress tolerant wheat genotypes. This study examined the responses of ten winter wheat cultivars on stressful conditions of halomorphic soil, solonetz type in Banat, Serbia.

Chemical Characterization of Volatiles from Serbia.

is a cosmopolitan medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, which produces structurally highly diverse groups of secondary metabolites. A total of 160 compounds were determined in the volatiles from Serbia during two investigated years (2019 and 2020). The main components were -caryophyllene, followed by germacrene D, -humulene and -copaene.

Prediction of mechanical extraction oil yield of new sunflower hybrids: artificial neural network model.

Background: Sunflower seeds are in the top five most abundant oilseeds in the world, as well as sunflower oil in the edible oils group. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to cold-pressed sunflower oil because less processing is involved and no solvent is used. The present study was carried out to investigate dimensions (length, width, thickness), firmness, general (moisture content and hull content, mass of 1000 seeds), gravimetric (true and bulk density, porosity) and geometric characteristics (equivalent diameter, surface area, seed volume, sphericity) of 20 new sunflower hybrid seeds.

Rust expression browser: an open source database for simultaneous analysis of host and pathogen gene expression profiles with expVIP.

Background: Transcriptomics is being increasingly applied to generate new insight into the interactions between plants and their pathogens. For the wheat yellow (stripe) rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp.