Exploitation of Biodiversity in Bioeconomy: Examples, Opportunities, and Challenges.

While bioprocesses using Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, various species of Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, Clostridia, the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, fungi such as Aspergillus niger, and Chinese hamster ovary cells are well established, the high level of microbial diversity has not yet been exploited industrially. However, the use of alternative organisms has the potential to significantly expand the process window of bioprocesses. These extensions include the use of alternative substrates (e.

Conventional and non-conventional antigen-binding sites promote the development and function of chronic lymphocytic leukemia stereotyped subset #4 clones.

Immunoglobulins (IGs) made by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells are unique in that they bind themselves (homo-dimerize). This interaction leads to signal transduction with functional consequences that depend on the affinity of homo-dimerization. We have studied the antigen-binding properties of the IGs from a subset of patients with CLL (Subset #4) that homo-dimerize at high affinity.

PD-1 expression identifies proliferating malignant CLL B cells and is a potential biomarker of response to BTK inhibitor therapy.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains incurable despite treatment advances, and a major challenge is that biomarkers that predict response and resistance to current therapies are lacking. We report that activated and proliferating malignant CLL B cells in circulation express PD-1, a protein normally expressed in T cells. PD-1 expression is absent in circulating B cells from healthy controls and nonmalignant B cells from patients with CLL.

State of the art biology, progression, and clinical management of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): consensus report from the Intercepting Blood Cancers Workshop Committee.

In March 2023 and 2024, a panel of international experts convened at the first and second Intercepting Blood Cancers (IBC) Workshops, with the aim of better appreciating the diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology, and potential therapeutic interventions for precursor malignant hematology conditions. Here, we report a summary of the proceedings from the sessions focused on monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL)/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We highlight four main content areas: biology of MBL, clinical implications of MBL, progression of MBL and transformation from indolent CLL to aggressive disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention in early CLL.

Post-Traumatic Growth in Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review of Psychological Factors, Predictors, and Interventions.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG), defined as positive psychological changes following trauma, has garnered attention in recent years within the context of cancer. This scoping review aims to synthesise and map PTG-related studies published in the last 5 years among adult cancer populations. A comprehensive literature search identified 109 eligible studies published between 2018 and 2023, predominantly cross-sectional in design, focusing on various cancer types, with a significant proportion examining breast cancer.

Assessing an eHealth Intervention on Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The MyPal Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The MyPal study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04370457) is a randomized controlled clinical trial assessing an eHealth intervention on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

Methods: Patients who were receiving or had previously received treatment for CLL or MDS were randomly assigned (1:1) to access the MyPal digital health platform versus standard of care.

analysis of type III secretion chaperone proteins indicates a cytosolic handover of virulence effectors.

Gram-negative bacteria can use type III secretion systems to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic target cells. Most effectors are co-expressed with specific chaperone proteins that are required for the secretion of their cognate effector. Although chaperones share characteristics across species, no common mechanism of action has been identified.

Coordination of virulence factors and lifestyle transition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through single-cell analysis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a versatile Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, relies on multiple virulence mechanisms, including a Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and several Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS), to establish infections. The bacterial universal second messenger cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP) orchestrates the lifestyle transitions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between motile and biofilm-associated states and influences the expression of virulence traits. While it is clear that these systems are interconnected, their precise interaction on the single-cell level has remained unclear.

Molecularly designed deep eutectic solvents based on choline for site-specific delivery of luteolin in the oral cavity.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) present a promising and sustainable approach for enhancing the solubility and permeability of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this study, DESs were explored as a novel formulation strategy to improve the intraoral delivery of luteolin (LUT), a bioactive flavonoid with significant pharmaceutical potential. Choline chloride (ChCl) served as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), while various hydrogen bond donors (HBD), including fructose, glycerol, oxalic acid, sucrose, maltose, sorbitol, and xylitol, were tested at different HBA to HBD molar ratios.

Perceptions and Needs of Stakeholders Regarding MyPal Project's Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome App: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Focus Group Study.

Background: Palliative care is crucial for patients with life-threatening and serious diseases such as cancer, as it addresses their physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. Hematological malignancies significantly contribute to global cancer cases, impacting both older adults and children. To meet the increasing demand for palliative care, electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) interventions offer valuable insights into patient monitoring and treatment decision-making.

Yersinia actively downregulates type III secretion and adhesion at higher cell densities.

The T3SS injectisome is used by Gram-negative bacteria, including important pathogens, to manipulate eukaryotic target cells by injecting effector proteins. While in some bacterial species, T3SS-negative bacteria benefit from the activity of their T3SS-positive siblings, the T3SS model organism Yersinia enterocolitica was thought to uniformly express and assemble injectisomes. In this study, we found that Yersinia actively suppress T3SS expression, assembly and activity at higher cell densities, such as inside microcolonies.

Quantitation of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors in barley using targeted LC-MS/MS.

Amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) are known allergens and triggers of non-celiac wheat sensitivity. Until now, ATIs were only quantitated in wheat species. We developed and validated a targeted stable isotope dilution analysis LC-MS/MS method to quantitate ten barley-specific ATIs, including one monomeric and one dimeric amylase-inhibitor, four chloroform/methanol-soluble types, three subtilisin/chymotrypsin-inhibitors and one amylase/subtilisin-inhibitor.

Semi-Dwarfing Reduced Height Genes Hardly Influenced Gluten Protein Composition While Extreme Dwarfing Genes Decreased Glutenins in Wheat.

The introduction of reduced height () genes into wheat during the Green Revolution led to lower plant height, but their effect on protein composition was unknown. Therefore, the protein composition of near isogenic lines (NILs) of four genotypes with five different allele/allele combinations was compared to the tall wild-type () by modified Osborne fractionation. The semi-dwarfing (, ) and the dwarf gene combination () only had a small effect on protein composition.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Tomato Fruit Reveals Genes, Pathways, and Processes Affected by the LEC1-LIKE4 Transcription Factor.

Tomato () is a globally important crop, and enhancing its fruit quality and phenotypic traits is a key objective in modern breeding. This study investigates the role of the LEAFY-COTYLEDON1-LIKE4 (L1L4), an NF-YB subunit of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor, in tomato fruit development using RNA-sequencing data from zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-targeted disruption lines. Differential gene expression (DEG) analyses of two independent mutant lines compared to the wild-type line revealed significant alterations in key metabolic pathways and regulatory networks that are implicated in fruit ripening.

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Historical Gene Flow Patterns of Nine Indigenous Greek Sheep Breeds.

Ιn this study, we evaluated the genetic resources of nine Greek sheep breeds. The genotyping data of 292 animals were acquired from Illumina's OvineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip. The genetic diversity and inbreeding levels were evaluated using the observed and expected heterozygosity indices, the F inbreeding coefficient, and runs of homozygosity (ROH).

Circular RNA signature of aggressive CLL with t(14;19)(q32;q13). An ERIC study.

Unlabelled: In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), t(14;19)(q32;q13), leading to the overexpression of BCL3, is found in ∼1% of cases and is associated with an aggressive disease. In this study, leveraging a large CLL patient cohort collected thanks to an international collaboration, we investigate for the first time the circular transcriptome (circRNAome) associated with the rare t(14;19), in comparison with CLL without t(14;19) and B cells of age-matched healthy donors. We described the circRNAs commonly dysregulated in CLL, including circCSNK1G3 and circEXOC6B(3–5), which were depleted, and circZNF609 and circLPAR3, which were overexpressed in malignant cells.

Autonomous B-cell Receptor Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is driven by both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent cell-autonomous B-cell receptor (BcR) signaling. The latter has been documented in CLL cases in different disease subgroups and correlates with disease progression. Autonomous signaling is also relevant in monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and other B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

Uncovering Transient Protein Interactions in the Yersinia enterocolitica Type III Secretion System Using MiniTurbo-Mediated Proximity Labeling.

Many critical protein-protein interactions are transient, making them challenging to study using established methods. This limitation is particularly evident in transport processes like bacterial secretion systems, where the interactions between the export machinery and the cargo proteins are inherently dynamic. In this protocol, we describe a sensitive method that allows for the identification of such interactions using the example of SycH, the chaperone of the bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) effector YopH.

Chemical Targeting of the ATXN1 aa99-163 Interaction Site Suppresses polyQ-Expanded Protein Dimerization.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the ATXN1 protein. This expansion is thought to be responsible for the gradual aggregation of the mutant protein, which is associated with increased cytotoxicity and neuronal cell death. Apart from the polyQ tract, other domains in ATXN1 are also involved in the initial events of protein aggregation, such as a dimerization domain that promotes protein oligomerization.

Darling (v2.0): Mining disease-related databases for the detection of biomedical entity associations.

Darling is a web application that employs literature mining to detect disease-related biomedical entity associations. Darling can detect sentence-based cooccurrences of biomedical entities such as genes, proteins, chemicals, functions, tissues, diseases, environments, and phenotypes from biomedical literature found in six disease-centric databases. In this version, we deploy additional query channels focusing on COVID-19, GWAS studies, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases.

PEDRO: A Peer-to-Peer Support Platform for Adverse Drug Reaction Management in Patients with CLL.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) treatment often leads to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), significantly impacting patients' quality of life (QoL). To address the challenges in managing ADRs/DDIs, the PEDRO platform was developed to enhance communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) managing patients with CLL in real-world healthcare settings and experts with significant research profiles in CLL. This paper presents the PEDRO platform built to provide a secure, scalable, and user-friendly solution for peer-to-peer (P2P) support in ADR/DDI management.

Disease-specific U1 spliceosomal RNA mutations in mature B-cell neoplasms.

Recurrent mutations in the third base of U1 spliceosomal RNA responsible for marked splicing and expression abnormalities have been described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of these mutations in large and independent CLL cohorts as well as their presence in other B-cell neoplasms is unknown. Here we characterized U1 mutations in 1670 CLL and 363 mature B-cell lymphomas.

Genome Editing of the Gene Modifies Tomato Plant Architecture and Fruit Traits.

Genome editing has revolutionized plant science, providing an unprecedented ability to precisely manipulate plant genomes. For this study, genome editing was utilized to target and modify the NF-YA8 transcription factor (TF) in tomato plants ( L. var.

Diversity of Bioactive Compounds in Microalgae: Key Classes and Functional Applications.

Microalgae offer a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds. Their rapid growth, efficient CO utilization, and adaptability make them a promising alternative to traditional production methods. Key compounds, such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, phytosterols, pigments, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), hold significant commercial value and are widely utilized in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, driving innovation across multiple industries.

Resistance to targeted therapies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Current status and perspectives for clinical and diagnostic practice.

The integration of BTK and BCL2 inhibitors into the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents a paradigm shift and has led to significant improvements in clinical outcomes, including prolonged survival and enhanced quality of life. However, despite the efficacy of these agents, resistance to targeted therapy remains a major challenge, ultimately resulting in treatment failure and disease progression for a significant proportion of patients. Related to this, diagnostic testing for genetic variants associated with resistance, such as mutations in BTK, PLCG2 and BCL2, may become an increasingly common part of clinical routine practice.