Antimicrobial Resistance in Diverse Ecological Niches-One Health Perspective and Food Safety.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multi-sectoral, systemic, and global issue worldwide. Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a key factor in the selection of resistant bacteria within different ecological niches, from agriculture to food-producing animals to humans. There is a question regarding the extent to which the use of antibiotics in livestock production and the primary food production sector influences the selection and transmission of resistant bacteria and/or resistant genes throughout the food chain and thus contributes to the complexity in the development of AMR in humans.

Seed Quality and Seedling Growth After Applying Ecological Treatments to Crimson Clover Seeds.

The effect of different treatments on the seed quality of crimson clover ( L.) from six localities in eastern Serbia was investigated. The aim of this study was to improve seed quality and seedling growth of using eco-friendly treatments.

Volatile-mediated plant interactions: an innovative approach to cultivar mixture selection for enhanced pest resilience.

Mixing different cultivars has been recognized as a promising strategy for the reduction of pest pressure and the enhancement of crop performance. However, this applies only in specific combinations, creating a need to select cultivars that interact synergistically in mixtures. We propose a trait-based laboratory method to identify complementary pairs of cereal cultivars based on their ability to prime one another's defense response through volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Biocontrol potential of indigenous pepper seed Bacillus strains against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria.

Background: Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas spp. is considered an economically important disease affecting pepper. Considering that antibiotics-based treatments in disease control are forbidden in European countries, biological control has emerged as a promising approach.

Mode of Action of Brassinosteroids: Seed Germination and Seedling Growth and Development-One Hypothesis.

Brassinosteroids, as unique plant steroid hormones that bear structural similarity to animal steroids, play a crucial role in modulating plant growth and development. These hormones have a positive impact on plant resistance and, under stressful conditions, stimulate photosynthesis and antioxidative systems (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), leading to a reduced impact of environmental cues on plant metabolism and growth. Although these plant hormones have been studied for several decades, most studies analyze the primary site of action of the brassinosteroid phytohormone, with a special emphasis on the activation of various genes (mainly nuclear) through different signaling processes that influence plant metabolism, growth, and development.

Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Strain B33.

The development of biological pesticides is rapidly becoming an integral aspect of pest management in sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of strain B33 against three common seedborne fungal pathogens-, , and . B33 strain identity was determined using the 16S rRNA and gene sequences.

Screening of Nutritionally Important Components in Standard and Ancient Cereals.

Sustainable nutrition and food production involve dietary habits and farming systems which are eco-friendly, created to provide highly nutritious staple crops which could serve as a functional food at the same time. This research sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of whole-grain cereals, and some ancient grains toward important macro- (protein), micro-nutrients (mineral elements), and bioactive compounds, such as dietary fiber (arabinoxylan and β-glucan) and antioxidants (phytic acid, total glutathione, yellow pigment, and phenolic compounds) to provide functionality in a sustainable diet. Genotypes, such as durum wheat, triticale, spelt, emmer wheat, and barley, could be considered important and sustainable sources of protein (ranging 11.

Toward the Development of the Trojan Female Technique in Pest Insects: Male-Specific Influence of Mitochondrial Haplotype on Reproductive Output in the Seed Beetle .

Biocontrol techniques that impair reproductive capacity of insect pests provide opportunities to control the dynamics of their populations while minimizing collateral damage to non-target species and the environment. The Trojan Female Technique, or TFT, is a method of the trans-generational fertility-based population control through the release of females that carry mitochondrial DNA mutations that negatively affect male, but not female, reproductive output. TFT is based on the evolutionary hypothesis that, due to maternal inheritance of mitochondria, mutations which are beneficial or neutral in females but harmful in males can accumulate in the mitochondrial genome without selection acting against them.

Genome sequence data for 61 isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris from Brassica crops in Serbia.

This Technical Resource describes genome sequencing data for 61 isolates of the bacterial pathogen pv. collected from and crops between 2010 and 2021 in Serbia. We present the raw sequencing reads and annotated contig-level genome assemblies and determine the races of ten isolates.

Molecular characterization of wheat dwarf virus isolates from Serbia based on complete genome sequences.

Introduction: Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), the species of the genus in the family , is a cereal virus commonly detected in several European, African and Asian countries that causes economic losses.

Methods: In the spring of 2019, a severe outbreak of wheat dwarfing and yellowing was observed in many winter wheat crops across Serbia. A total of 161 samples were tested for the presence of WDV and other common wheat viruses using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA).

Microwave Irradiation as a Powerful Tool for Isolating Isoflavones from Soybean Flour.

The use of microwave irradiation energy for isolating bioactive compounds from plant materials has gained popularity due to its ability to penetrate cells and facilitate extraction of intracellular materials, with the added benefits of minimal or no use of organic solvents. This is particularly significant due to the possibility of using extracts in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of microwave irradiation on the extraction of three of the most important isoflavones from soybean flour, glycitin, genistin, and daidzin, as well as their aglycones, glycitein, genistein, and daidzein.

Species on Revealed as a Potential Inoculum Source for Solanaceous Crops in Serbia.

pathogens are a global agronomic challenge affecting the health of Solanaceae crops. Crop debris, seeds, and perennial weeds are potential inoculum reservoirs, but knowledge on their relative importance remains limited. Plants of showing early blight and brown leaf spot symptoms were collected from in and around potato and tomato fields in Serbia, grown both in open conditions and in tunnels, in the late season of 2021 to 2022.

Species Associated with Postharvest Blue Mold Rots of Garlic in Serbia.

Garlic ( L.) is an important plant because of its medicinal and gastronomical benefits. The host can be affected by different plant pathogens, among which species are one of the most important rot agents of stored garlic and other stored food products.

Application of artificial neural networks to classify Avena fatua and Avena sterilis based on seed traits: insights from European Avena populations primarily from the Balkan Region.

Background: Avena fatua and A. sterilis are challenging to distinguish due to their strong similarities. However, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can effectively extract patterns and identify these species.

Description of immature stages of species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels.

The mature larvae of the following fourteen species are described and illustrated: (Paykull, 1800), (Gravenhorst, 1807), (Gyllenhal, 1813), (Rosenschoeld, 1838), (Rubsaamen, 1895), (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862), (Kirsch, 1881), (Panzer, 1796), (Boheman, 1838), (Germar, 1821), (Gyllenhal, 1838), Toševski & Caldara, 2015, (Fabricius, 1792), and (Germar, 1821). The pupae of thirteen of them (except ) were also described.

Exploring the Phylogenetic Diversity of and Species Causing Dieback and Shoot Blight of Blueberry in Serbia.

Identifying the precise pathogens responsible for specific plant diseases is imperative for implementing targeted and efficient interventions and mitigating their spread. Dieback and shoot blight significantly diminish the lifespan and productivity of blueberries, yet the causative agents remain largely unidentified. To determine the identity and prevalence of the causal agents of branch dieback and shoot blight, we conducted multiyear and multisite sampling of diseased highbush blueberries ( cultivar Duke) in Serbia.

Phylogeographic Analysis of Soft-Rot-Causing spp. Strains Obtained from Cabbage in Serbia.

The aim of this study was to establish a link between genetic diversity and the geographic origin of strains belonging to three species-, , and -isolated from cabbage in Serbia by comparing their sequences with those of strains sourced from different hosts and countries in Europe, Asia, and North America. Phylogeographic relatedness was reconstructed using the Templeton, Crandall, and Sing's (TCS) haplotype network based on concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes , , , and , while pairwise genetic distances were computed by applying the p-distance model. The obtained TCS haplotype networks indicated the existence of high intra-species genetic diversity among strains of all three species, as reflected in the 0.

Developmental Biology and Identification of a Garden Pest, () Cmoluch, 1968 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), with Comments on Its Origin and Distribution.

The mature larva and pupa of are described and illustrated with complete chaetotaxy for the first time. Five larval instars and the factors for larval growth are determined, and the larval development of this species is comprehensively described. In order to confirm species affiliation, selected larvae were subjected to genetic analysis (mtCOI).

Genome Analysis of Two Pseudomonas syringae pv. Strains with Different Virulence Capacity Isolated from Sugar Beet: Features of Successful Pathogenicity in the Phyllosphere Microbiome.

Members of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex are heterogeneous bacteria that are the most abundant bacterial plant pathogens in the plant phyllosphere, with strong abilities to exist on and infect different plant hosts and survive in/outside agroecosystems. In this study, the draft genome sequences of two pathogenic P. syringae pv.

Diversity of Bacterial Soft Rot-Causing Species Affecting Cabbage in Serbia.

The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the pectolytic bacteria responsible for the emergence of bacterial soft rot on two summer cabbage hybrids (Cheers F1 and Hippo F1) grown in the Futog locality (Bačka, Vojvodina), known for the five-century-long tradition of cabbage cultivation in Serbia. Symptoms manifesting as soft lesions on outer head leaves were observed during August 2021, while the inner tissues were macerated, featuring cream to black discoloration. As the affected tissue decomposed, it exuded a specific odor.

Polyphasic study of phytopathogenic bacterial strains associated with deep bark canker of walnut in Serbia revealed a new species, sp. nov.

Serious outbreaks of walnut deep bark canker were observed on young walnut trees ( L.) in two localities in the northern part of Serbia during 2020. From the symptomatic walnut tissues, two types of bacterial colonies were isolated, predominantly, light cream, circular and smooth colonies, as well as small, yellowish, mucoid and convex ones.