Role of T3 in Management of Hypothyroidism.

The management of hypothyroidism is based on the assumption that levothyroxine monotherapy normalizes thyroid hormone homeostasis, rendering patients clinically and biochemically euthyroid. However, a subset of patients treated with levothyroxine (LT4) are dissatisfied as they continue to have symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and difficulty in concentration. Some patients do not achieve normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone despite adherence to adequate LT4 dosing.

Examination and expansion of the entire modified dual pathway model of disordered eating among individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) are more common among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) relative to the general population, potentially influenced by disease-specific risk factors. This study aims to examine associations among proposed risk factors in the modified dual pathway model and to identify literature-supported adaptations to improve the model's fit for adolescents with T1D.

Methods: The study included 215 adolescents and young adults with T1D (age 13-21 years; 51.

Longitudinal Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study in Young Children With Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes Followed in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) At-Risk Cohort Study.

Objective: To characterize longitudinal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in young children with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Between 2021 and 2024, children in the Australian ENDIA study with persistent multiple islet autoimmunity underwent blinded CGM assessments every 3-6 months. CGM-derived metrics (SD sensor glucose, coefficient of variation, mean sensor glucose, and percent CGM time >7.

Process for mainstreaming genetic cascade testing into primary and tertiary health systems in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), an autosomal dominant, fully penetrant disorder.

Introduction: Advances in clinical genomics have raised the importance of integrating genomic medicine across healthcare systems, including primary care. Primary care presents an ideal environment to offer equitable and efficient access to genetic services. Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a preventable and treatable cause of premature heart disease and represents a health condition that can be successfully diagnosed and managed in primary care.

Urine iodine concentration in hospitalised infants with thyroid dysfunction.

Background: Iodine is essential to thyroid hormone production, and both excess and deficiency can cause thyroid dysfunction in infants. While urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is used to assess population iodine status, there is no gold standard for determining iodine status in individual infants. Our study aimed to examine the clinical use of UIC in the investigation of thyroid dysfunction in hospitalised infants.

Mediterranean diet adherence among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Insights into dietary patterns, glycemic control, and gender differences.

Aims: To assess Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes)T1D(, explore its associations with glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors, and examine gender-specific dietary patterns.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 283 adolescents (45 % female) aged 15-19 years. MD adherence was evaluated using the KIDMED questionnaire.

Eighteen-Year Incidence, Health Outcomes and Costs Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in NSW, Australia.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We determined the incidence, trends, cost and characteristics of children with and without DKA at T1D diagnosis and association with DKA readmissions. Children aged <16 years with T1D and residing in New South Wales, Australia, were identified from population-based hospital records (Admitted Patient Data Collection; APDC) for 2002-2019.

Case Series: Is Celiac Disease Underdiagnosed in Korean Children?

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by an immunological response to a gluten-containing diet in genetically predisposed individuals. The disease is considered uncommon in people of East Asian descent, but the prevalence among the Korean population is unknown. Increased awareness and recognition of CD in East Asia could lead to higher diagnosis rates.

Respiratory infections in pregnancy and early life-association with the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in pregnancy and early childhood are potential environmental triggers of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (TD). We reviewed the association between gestational and childhood RTIs and the development of IA or T1D in the offspring.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis, analysed using random effects models, of observational human studies from Medline and EMBASE, without language restriction, from inception until Jan 6, 2025.

Misaligned Attitudes and Perceptions Among Adolescents Living With Obesity, Caregivers and Healthcare Professionals: ACTION Teens Australia Survey Study.

Aims: To explore perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and barriers relating to adolescent weight management in Australia.

Methods: ACTION Teens was a cross-sectional, survey-based study. Adolescents with high body mass index (BMI), caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) from 10 countries completed an online survey in 2021.

Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus: Rushing toward "type 5" amid unresolved questions and limited evidence.

Aim: To critically evaluate the historical context, diagnostic ambiguity, epidemiological relevance, and recent proposals to reclassify malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) amid changing nutritional landscapes and existing metabolic data.

Methods: This review synthesizes data from early clinical reports, WHO documents, epidemiological studies, and recent literature on malnutrition and diabetes. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic inconsistencies, the overuse of low BMI as a surrogate for malnutrition, and evolving nutrition trends in India and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Comparison of WHO and CDC growth charts for defining weight status in the young population in Israel: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: In Israel, the absence of national growth charts leads to the use of CDC or WHO growth charts to assess pediatric growth indices. This population-based cross-sectional study compared BMI z-scores and weight classifications using CDC and WHO charts in children insured by Clalit Health Services (CHS).

Methods: The study analyzed the CHS electronic database for patients aged 2-18 years with at least one recorded BMI measurement from January 2017 to December 2023.

Additional Support Needs of Adolescents with Obesity During an Obesity Treatment Trial: Fast Track to Health.

Treatment-seeking adolescents with obesity may have diverse dietetic, psychological, or medical needs that require support during obesity treatment. To characterize initial referral reasons, content, and outcome of support visits provided in addition to protocolized visits during an obesity treatment trial. The Fast Track to Health trial was a 52-week multi-site randomized trial conducted between 2018 and 2023 in Australia, comparing intermittent and continuous energy restricted dietary interventions delivered as part of an intensive behavioral intervention in adolescents with obesity and ≥1 obesity-related complications.

A microRNA-based dynamic risk score for type 1 diabetes.

Identifying individuals at high risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is crucial as disease-delaying medications are available. Here we report a microRNA (miRNA)-based dynamic (responsive to the environment) risk score developed using multicenter, multiethnic and multicountry ('multicontext') cohorts for T1D risk stratification. Discovery (wet and dry lab) analysis identified 50 miRNAs associated with functional β cell loss, which is a hallmark of T1D.

Testing methods used to predict disease progression in children with early-stage type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Current guidance on how best to monitor children and young people (CYP) with early-stage type 1 diabetes is evidenced mainly by expert consensus. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the current evidence for tests used to predict disease progression.

Methods: Data were sourced from PubMed, Cochrane Central, Ovid Embase and Scopus.

Markers of Early Liver Dysfunction Associate With Reduced Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Data on the impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) on diabetes complications in youth with type 1 diabetes are lacking. However, MAFLD is well known to contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate markers of MAFLD in youth with type 1 diabetes and their relationship with chronic complications.

Real -world experience with anti-obesity medications treatment in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity in Israel.

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, associated with early-onset comorbidities and a high likelihood of persisting into adulthood. Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) may serve as an adjunct to lifestyle modifications for managing pediatric obesity.

Objective: To evaluate prescribing patterns, weight outcomes, and cardiometabolic impacts of AOMs among children and adolescents aged 10-18 years within Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest health maintenance organization in Israel.

Isovitexin, a natural adiponectin agonist, prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteosarcopenia.

Purpose: Isovitexin is an agonist of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs). Adiponectin has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone and muscle function, in addition to its positive impact on metabolic health. However, the preclinical and clinical application of adiponectin faces scalability challenges, prompting the investigation of isovitexin in a methylprednisolone (MP)-induced osteoporosis model.

Paediatric Thyroid Carcinoma: The Genetic Revolution and Its Implications for Therapy and Outcomes.

: The understanding of the molecular basis of paediatric thyroid carcinoma has expanded rapidly in the last decade. Most carcinomas are associated with de novo somatic gene alterations that confer distinct clinicopathological characteristics. In comparison to adults, paediatric carcinomas are less commonly associated with point mutations and more commonly with gene fusions, which are characterised by more-invasive disease.

Bone microstructure and TBS in diabetes: what have we learned? A narrative review.

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of fracture. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD), the most reliable indicator of fracture risk in healthy adults, is low in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus but normal or high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most trabecular and cortical parameters measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) are lower in type 1 diabetes and higher in type 2 diabetes, in parallel with aBMD.

The recruitment of adolescents with obesity to a randomised controlled trial: A Fast Track to Health sub-study.

Aims: Behavioural weight management interventions facilitate short to medium-term weight and cardiometabolic improvements in adolescent obesity. However, recruiting adolescents to trials of such interventions is challenging. This study describes strategies used to recruit adolescents with obesity into the Fast Track to Health (Fast Track) trial, conducted at two tertiary paediatric centres in Australia.

"I Think I Could Have Used It Better": Experiences of Youth with High HbA1c Commencing Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in a Clinical Trial Setting-A Qualitative Research.

Background: Advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) therapy improves glycemia. However, it is not known if there is an improvement in overall outcomes with AHCL for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) at high risk of diabetes-related complications. The study aimed to capture the experiences of youth with suboptimal glycemic control when commencing AHCL therapy in a clinical trial setting.

Complications during Adolescence Predict Mortality in Young Adults with Childhood Onset Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Microvascular complications increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death in adults with type 1 diabetes. We examined the association between microvascular complications during adolescence, including cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction and subsequent mortality. .

Endocrine-Related Adverse Conditions in Pediatric Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Position Statement from the Clinical Practice Committee of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new cancer therapies that function either by blocking the interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or by inhibiting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). The utilization of ICIs has improved outcomes for advanced, relapsed, or refractory malignancies in adults and children. Concerns have been raised due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Developing a national implementation strategy for enhancing the detection of familial hypercholesterolemia: An Australian experience.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common and treatable inherited condition of cholesterol metabolism that increases cardiovascular health risk. Less than 10% of people with FH have been detected and few receive recommended treatment.

Objective: We report on the development of a national implementation strategy for enhancing the detection of FH in Australia.