Misaligned Attitudes and Perceptions Among Adolescents Living With Obesity, Caregivers and Healthcare Professionals: ACTION Teens Australia Survey Study.

Aims: To explore perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and barriers relating to adolescent weight management in Australia.

Methods: ACTION Teens was a cross-sectional, survey-based study. Adolescents with high body mass index (BMI), caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) from 10 countries completed an online survey in 2021.

Weight Gain During Pregnancy Following Bariatric Surgery: Exploring the Influence of Weight Stability and Surgery-to-Conception Interval.

: Weight loss following bariatric surgery can improve fertility. Current guidelines recommend delaying pregnancy for at least 12 months post-surgery for weight stabilization and to support healthy gestational weight gain (GWG). However, evidence supporting this recommendation is limited.

Identifying research priorities for paediatric nutrition for Australia: A Delphi consensus approach.

Aim: The Australian Academy of Science's Decadal Plan for the science of nutrition emphasised research investment combined with system wide changes to improve the population's nutritional health. This study applied a Delphi consensus process with the aim to develop a definition for 'paediatric nutrition research' alongside identifying research themes and specific key priorities.

Methods: Multidisciplinary health professionals with expertise in paediatric nutrition were invited to participate in an on-line survey.

The recruitment of adolescents with obesity to a randomised controlled trial: A Fast Track to Health sub-study.

Aims: Behavioural weight management interventions facilitate short to medium-term weight and cardiometabolic improvements in adolescent obesity. However, recruiting adolescents to trials of such interventions is challenging. This study describes strategies used to recruit adolescents with obesity into the Fast Track to Health (Fast Track) trial, conducted at two tertiary paediatric centres in Australia.

Investigating the impact of body composition on the estimation of resting metabolic rate: new equations for adults aged ≥65 years developed using cross-sectional data.

Background: Due to changes in body composition during aging, the inclusion of body composition measures as a variable within equations to predict resting metabolic rate (RMR) may improve their predictive accuracy.

Objectives: This analysis of cross-sectional data aimed to develop and validate new RMR equations for older adults (≥65 y) incorporating variables for body composition, to predict performance and accuracy, and to explore the relative contribution of body composition variables acting directly or potentially via fat-free mass (FFM) to RMR.

Methods: Analyses were conducted utilizing a unique international dataset of gold standard measures developed for this purpose.

Measuring Dietary Intake of Pregnant Women Post-Bariatric Surgery: Do Women Meet Recommendations?

Bariatric surgery is increasingly offered to women of childbearing age and significantly reduces food intake and nutrient absorption. During pregnancy, associated risks, including micronutrient deficiency, are accentuated. This study describes maternal dietary intake and adherence to dietary recommendations in pregnant women with a history of bariatric surgery.

Is severe carbohydrate restriction necessary for appetite suppression? The ASKED randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This trial aimed to compare three low-energy diets (LEDs) with different amounts of carbohydrates (CHO) on ketosis and changes in hunger feelings in adults with obesity.

Methods: A total of 101 adults (51 female) with obesity (BMI, mean [SEM], 34.7 [0.

Symptoms of Depression, Eating Disorders, and Binge Eating in Adolescents With Obesity: The Fast Track to Health Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Depression and eating disorders are heightened for adolescents with obesity. Clinical reviews alongside self-report questionnaires are important to ensure appropriate intervention.

Objective: To evaluate changes in self-report symptoms of depression, eating disorders, and binge eating in adolescents with obesity during the Fast Track to Health trial.

Intermittent Energy Restriction for Adolescents With Obesity: The Fast Track to Health Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Adolescent obesity requires effective and accessible treatment. Intensive dietary interventions have the potential to be used as adjunctive therapy for behavioral weight management.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of 2 diet therapies, delivered as part of an intensive behavioral weight management intervention, in adolescents with metabolic complications associated with obesity.

Advancing the decadal plan for the science of nutrition: Progressing a framework for implementation.

Aims: In 2019, the Australian Academy of Science in collaboration with the nutrition community published the decadal plan for the science of nutrition. This article aims to review progress towards each of its pillar goals (societal determinants, nutrition mechanisms, precision and personalised nutrition, and education and training) and two enabling platforms (a national data capability and a trusted voice for nutrition science), prioritise actions, and conceptualise program logic implementation models. This process also brought together public health nutrition researchers to reflect on societal determinants of health, and advise how the next 5 years of the decadal plan could reflect contemporary issues.

Development and validation of age-specific predictive equations for total energy expenditure and physical activity levels for older adults.

Background: Predicting energy requirements for older adults is compromised by the underpinning data being extrapolated from younger adults.

Objectives: To generate and validate new total energy expenditure (TEE) predictive equations specifically for older adults using readily available measures (age, weight, height) and to generate and test new physical activity level (PAL) values derived from 1) reference method of indirect calorimetry and 2) predictive equations in adults aged ≥65 y.

Methods: TEE derived from "gold standard" methods from n = 1657 (n = 1019 females, age range 65-90 y), was used to generate PAL values.

Exploring the short-term impact of swapping consumption from standard protein snacks to higher protein snacks on energy intake in social drinkers: Is protein worth a nudge?

Drinking alcoholic beverages stimulates food intake and contributes to the passive overconsumption of dietary energy. As protein is the most satiating of all the macronutrients, increased levels in snacks taken with alcohol have the potential to minimize excess energy consumption. We hypothesized that swapping consumption from retail-available standard protein (SP) snacks to higher protein (HP) snack foods would increase satiety and reduce acute food energy intake in social drinkers.

Exploring the long-term sustainability of school-based nutrition and food programs: What works, where and why?

Issue Addressed: Most food and nutrition programs cease within 2 years. Understanding the determinants of program sustainability is crucial to maximise output from funding, whilst allowing sufficient time for program benefits to be achieved. This study applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to map the barriers and enablers of successful long-term implementation of school-based nutrition and food programs.

Applying the Integrated Sustainability Framework to explore the long-term sustainability of nutrition education programmes in schools: a systematic review.

Objective: This review aimed to identify and synthesise the enablers and barriers that influence the long-term (≥ 2 years) sustainment of school-based nutrition programmes.

Design: Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus) were searched to identify studies reporting on the international literature relating to food and nutrition programmes aimed at school-age (5-14 years) children that had been running for ≥ 2 years (combined intervention and follow-up period). Eligible studies were analysed using the Integrated Sustainability Framework (ISF), which involved deductive coding of programme enablers and barriers.

Body composition changes and their relationship with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms, severity: The Sleeping Well Trial.

Background & Aims: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity share a complex bi-directional relationship as location of body fat and changes in regional body composition may be more important for OSA improvement than changes in total body weight only. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-month weight loss intervention for adults newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and obesity on regional body composition. The secondary aims evaluated the relationship between changes in OSA symptoms and severity and anthropometry and regional body composition during the first 12-months after commencing CPAP and explored differences in outcomes between males and females.

Investigating the efficacy and feasibility of using a whole-of-diet approach to lower circulating levels of C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women: a mixed methods pilot study.

Objective: Chronic inflammation is associated with obesity and is an underlying pathophysiology for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development in postmenopausal women. This study aims to determine feasibility and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory dietary intervention to lower levels of C-reactive protein in weight stable postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity.

Methods: This mixed-methods pilot study used a single arm pre-post design.

Participant recruitment for paediatric research using social media: A practical 'how-to' guide for researchers.

Aim: Social media platforms are being increasingly used to support participant recruitment into paediatric health-related research. This study aimed to develop a multi-phase approach for using social media as a recruitment strategy for paediatric research studies.

Methods: The process was informed by the authors' prior experiences recruiting for paediatric obesity-related research studies, expertise in social media marketing and digital participant/ patient recruitment.

A Systematic Review Investigating Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery.

The aim of this review was to report on maternal diet, micronutrient supplementation, and gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy following bariatric surgery and explore the impact on maternal micronutrient deficiency, offspring growth, and perinatal outcomes. A search in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ProQuest in July 2022 returned 23 eligible studies (n = 30-20, 213). Diet was reported in two studies, supplementation in six and GWG in 19 studies.

Development and validation of new predictive equations for the resting metabolic rate of older adults aged ≥65 y.

Background: The aging process alters the resting metabolic rate (RMR), but it still accounts for 50%-70% of the total energy needs. The rising proportion of older adults, especially those over 80 y of age, underpins the need for a simple, rapid method to estimate the energy needs of older adults.

Objectives: This research aimed to generate and validate new RMR equations specifically for older adults and to report their performance and accuracy.