Translational aspects of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: What we have omitted for the past decades?

Anthracyclines remain the cornerstone of treatment for malignancies with dose-dependent cardiac damage, ranging from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to DNA damage and ferroptosis, and continue to compromise patient outcome. Animal models, encompassing rodents, rabbits, pigs, and nonhuman primates, are essential for investigating doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Acute models facilitate rapid evaluation of cardiac injury; however, they frequently fail to replicate chronic human cardiomyopathy.

Naringin prevents heart mitochondria dysfunction during diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.

Background And Purpose: Cardiac mitochondria dysfunction plays a central pathophysiological role in the abnormal glucose metabolism in the heart during diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study evaluated the effects of flavonoid glycoside naringin treatment on the interconnection between changes in cardiac mitochondria oxygen consumption, membrane potential and mitochondrial Ca sensitivity during type 1 diabetes.

Experimental Approach: Type 1 diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) in rats and islet morphology, glucose and insulin levels, changes in heart mitochondria respiration, membrane potential, spontaneous and Ca - induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening were evaluated.

Biochemical and medical aspects of vitamin B research.

Vitamin B is an indispensable food factor for the human and animal body. In animals, vitamin B is found in the form of thiamine and its phosphate esters - thiamine mono-, di- and triphosphate, as well as an adenylated derivative - adenosine thiamine triphosphate. At present, the only vitamin B form with biochemical functions being elucidated is thiamine diphosphate, which serves as a coenzyme for several important enzymes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid and energy metabolism.

Superstable lipid vacuoles endow cartilage with its shape and biomechanics.

Conventionally, the size, shape, and biomechanics of cartilages are determined by their voluminous extracellular matrix. By contrast, we found that multiple murine cartilages consist of lipid-filled cells called lipochondrocytes. Despite resembling adipocytes, lipochondrocytes were molecularly distinct and produced lipids exclusively through de novo lipogenesis.

Morphological and functional changes in rat thyroid gland after a year following chronic exposure to low and intermediate doses of γ-radiation.

Introduction: Thyroid function depends on iodine uptake by the body as well as on exposure to various harmful environmental hazards (stress, ionizing radiation).

Aim: The aim of the work was to assess the effect of exposure to low and intermediate doses of external γ-radiation on the thyroid structure and function in young female rats at remote periods after radiation.

Materials And Methods: Forty female rats were used to study remote effects of external γ-radiation exposure during 20 d (at daily doses of 0.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from peanut leave and stem using deep eutectic solvents and its molecular mechanism.

Natural bioactive compounds extracted from agricultural by-products have received considerable attentions. Twenty-two kinds of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with ultrasonic were screened to extract flavonoids from peanut leave and stem. ChCl-acetic acid (ChCl-Aa) with 1:2 M ratio resulted in more effective extraction of flavonoids compared to other solvents The best extraction conditions were found to be at a 27% water content in DES/HO, for 43 min with 31:1 g/mL liquid/solid ratio, giving 2.

Physical Activity, Life Satisfaction, Stress Perception and Coping Strategies of University Students in Belarus during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 restrictions in Belarus turned out to be less stringent than those of its neighboring countries. Objective: We aimed to evaluate physical activity, life satisfaction, perception of stress, choice of coping strategies and their correlations among Belarusian students. An anonymous Internet survey was conducted among 1769 students studying at the faculties of physical culture (415), pedagogical (737), and medical (617) universities.

Synthesis, physico-chemical properties and effect of adenosine thiamine triphosphate on vitamin B metabolism in the liver of alloxan diabetic rats.

Background: Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP) is a nucleotide discovered in bacteria and some other living organisms more than a decade ago. No biochemical function for AThTP has been established yet, however, experimental data available indicate its possible involvement in metabolic regulation or cell signaling. Metabolism of AThTP in mammals, as well as the feasibility of its pharmacological application, is essentially unstudied.

Thermodynamic Studies of Interactions between Sertraline Hydrochloride and Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrin Molecules Supported by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking Results.

The interaction between sertraline hydrochloride (SRT) and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RMβCD) molecules have been investigated at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The method used-Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) enabled to determine values of the thermodynamic functions like the enthalpy (ΔH), the entropy (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of binding for the examined system.

Fibroblasts feel evolutionary pressure to regenerate.

Wounds in mammals commonly heal by scarring but retain latent capacity to regenerate. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Brewer, Nelson et al. reveal that heightened ability of spiny mice to regenerate after injury is attributed to molecular changes in the Hippo-YAP (yes-associated protein) pathway that protect wound fibroblasts from a persistent contractile state.

Medicinal Plants L. and Yacon Leaves as Potential Sources of Antidiabetic Drugs.

Hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of extracts of medicinal plants L. (aboveground part) and yacon ( Poepp. & Endl.

ω-Imidazolyl-alkyl derivatives as new preclinical drug candidates for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-associated reactive oxygen species production plays an important role in the development and progression of inflammatory liver diseases such as alcoholic steatohepatitis. We developed two new inhibitors for this isoenzyme, namely 12-imidazolyl-1-dodecanol (I-ol) and 1-imidazolyldodecane (I-an), and aimed to test their effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The fat-rich and CYP2E1 inducing Lieber-DeCarli diet was administered over 16 weeks of the experimental period to induce the disease in a rat model, and the experimental substances were administered simultaneously over the last four weeks.

A New CYP2E1 Inhibitor, 12-Imidazolyl-1-dodecanol, Represents a Potential Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a key target protein in the development of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (FLD). The pathophysiological correlate is the massive production of reactive oxygen species. The role of CYP2E1 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the final complication of FLD, remains controversial.

Betulin attenuated liver damage by prevention of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Betulin, a pentacyclic triterpene, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of liver mitochondria in hepatoprotection of betulin using a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by ethanol administration (4 g/kg, intragastric) for 8 weeks. The treatment with betulin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.

Antidiabetic effects and erythrocyte stabilization by red cabbage extract in streptozotocin-treated rats.

The protective effect of red cabbage extract (RCE) was evaluated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, assessing a probable role of this extract in the prevention of erythrocyte impairments associated with a high risk of vascular complications in diabetes. RCE was analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and 11 anthocyanins, 3 hydroxybenzoic acids and 9 hydroxycinnamic acids were identified. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg kg) in Wistar male rats (n = 8 per group).

Role of Gene Variants in Interethnic Differences in the Development of Cardio-Metabolic Diseases.

Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) comprise a cluster of risk factors that contribute to chronic pathological conditions with adverse consequences for cardiovascular function and metabolic processes. A wide range of CMD prevalence rates among different ethnic groups has been documented. In view of accumulated evidence, there is a trend toward increasing CMD prevalence rates in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

Cytoprotection of pancreatic β-cells and hypoglycemic effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: sertraline complex in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Sertraline, a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, is widely used as antidepressant in diabetic patients for improvement of depression and glycemic control. Sertraline is poorly soluble in water, which limits its oral applicability. In this work we tried to improve the pharmaceutical properties of sertraline by complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and evaluated the efficacy of the HPβCD:sertraline complex in prevention of alloxan-induced lesions in rats.

[Effects of berberine on the recovery of rat liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes after partial hepatectomy].

We have studied the effect of berberine on the recovery processes of liver xenobiotic-metabolizing function during its compensatory growth after 70% partial hepatectomy. It was found the hepatic ability to metabolize foreign substances are not restored up to day 8. Administration of berberine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 6 days led to normalization of both cytochrome P450-dependent and flavin-containing monooxygenases.

Pituitary tumor transforming gene as a novel regulatory factor of liver fibrosis.

Aims: Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is involved in multiple cellular pathways. We studied the development of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in knockout (PTTG-/-) and wildtype (PTTG+/+) mice.

Main Methods: Liver fibrosis in PTTG+/+ and PTTG-/- mice was induced by escalating dose TAA treatment (50-400mg/kg, i.

Protective Effects of Norursodeoxycholic Acid Versus Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Thioacetamide-induced Rat Liver Fibrosis.

Background/objectives: Effects of norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on liver fibrosis progression and liver fibrosis reversal in thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats were studied.

Methods: Advanced liver fibrosis was induced by TAA treatment (200 mg/kg, i.p.