Exposure and toxicokinetics of microplastics in arthropods: Mechanisms and consequences.

Arthropoda, the largest and the most diverse invertebrate Phylum, are increasingly impacted by microplastic (MP) pollution across varied range of habitats. This review synthesizes toxicity of MPs in different taxa of arthropods with references to exposure route, tissue level accumulation and toxicokinetic behaviour with a focus on physiological outcomes. This review article comprehensively identified that gut and gill are the primary sites of MP accumulation.

Microplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms across phylogeny.

Microplastic (MP) contamination of aquatic ecosystem had been escalated several folds and became concerning for the inhabiting organisms. Their accumulation in aquatic biota, ranging from lower invertebrates to higher vertebrates, underscores the severity of their toxicological impact and raises critical concerns for ecosystem health. Many of the researchers concentrated on assessment of MP distribution across environmental compartments and analysis of the physicochemical characteristics and their bioaccumulation in freshwater and marine species.

Characterization and ecological risk assessment of microplastics accumulated in sea water, sand, sediment, shell water and selected tissues of hermit crab of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve.

Sundarban, a Ramsar site of India, has been encountering an ecological threat due to the presence of microplastic (MP) wastes generated from different anthropogenic sources. Clibanarius longitarsus, an intertidal hermit crab of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, resides within the abandoned shell of a gastropod mollusc, Telescopium telescopium. We characterized and estimated the MP in the gills and gut of hermit crab, as well as in the water present in its occupied gastropod shell.