Headache in optic neuritis: A retrospective case-control study revealing clinical and radiological associations of an underrecognized symptom.

Background: Headache is a common but underrecognized symptom in optic neuritis (ON), with potential implications for diagnosis and management.

Objective: To assess the clinical and radiological factors associated with headache in patients with acute ON.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in a tertiary hospital in Bogotá, Colombia (2022-2024).

Microbiome abundance of Prevotellaceae in spondyloarthritis patients with positive depression screening: A cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: Patients with autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases are at increased risk for major depressive disorder. In spondyloarthritis (SpA), the prevalence of mild depression is 40 % approximately. This study aimed to assess the differences in gut microbiome abundance profiles between control subjects and patients with SpA, as well as between patients with positive and negative depression screening.

Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Preeclampsia in Bogotá, Colombia: Differential Risk Factor Identification and Evaluation Using Traditional Statistics and Machine Learning.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Early-onset PE (EOP) and late-onset PE (LOP) are distinct clinical entities with differing pathophysiological mechanisms and prognoses. However, few studies have explored differential risk factors for EOP and LOP in Latin American populations.

Mechanically Induced Pulpitis: A Rat Model That Preserves Animal Well-Being.

: Understanding the mechanisms underlying dental pain caused by pulpitis in humans has led to the development of animal models, such as the rat, which enable the study of the mechanisms underlying inflammation; the use of these models is considered ethically justified when the anticipated scientific benefits outweigh the potential impacts on animals in the harm/benefit balance. : To develop a rat model of mechanically induced pulpitis and to evaluate the potential impact on animal well-being. Pulpitis was mechanically induced in male Lewis rats (13-16 weeks, 350-400 g) which were anesthetized and endotracheally intubated.

Safety and efficacy of preoperative embolization in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations with perinidal aneurysms and single draining vein: a multicenter study with propensity score-weighting.

Background And Objectives: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with perinidal aneurysms and single draining vein are associated with an elevated risk of rupture and increased procedural complexity. The role of preoperative embolization in this high-risk anatomical subset remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of microsurgery with preoperative embolization, compared with microsurgery alone in patients with such AVMs.

Unusual Syncope due to Intravascular Leiomyomatosis With Intracardiac Extension: A Case Report and Focused Literature Review.

Intravascular leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension is a rare disease that could cause syncope as the first manifestation. It should be suspected mostly in women of middle age with a medical history of uterine leiomyoma. Physicians must perform a multimodal imaging strategy to accurately characterize the mass's extension and perform the best treatment.

Risk of new onset of immune-mediated diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and new onset of immune-mediated diseases is of interest given the conflicting evidence. This study aims to gather evidence and estimate the risk of immune-mediated diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: Analytical observational studies reporting immune-mediated diseases after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to individuals without infection history, were included.

Global Insights Into Antipsychotic Research: Bridging Trends and Gaps in Schizophrenia Care (2000-2024).

Background: Antipsychotic medications are pivotal in managing schizophrenia (SCZ), offering substantial relief from symptoms. However, their impact on functional outcomes, cognitive performance, social cognition, and quality of life remains a critical area of investigation. This bibliometric analysis examines research trends and insights into the multifaceted effects of antipsychotics on individuals with SCZ over the past 2 decades.

White matter hyperintensities and their impact in brain structure and function in alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia across Latin America and the United States: a cross-sectional study.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a core manifestation of normal and pathological aging and are potentially linked to geographical differences in social and physical exposomes. Previous studies have not examined the impact of WMHs burden on neurodegeneration and cognition in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) across geographic regions. This study addressed this gap by assessing the impact of WMHs burden on participants with and without dementia from Latin America (LA) and the United States (US).

Biased agonism in psychopharmacology: an opportunity to improve efficacy and safety of treatments.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Conventional pharmacological models categorize the typology of pharmacologic ligands as agonists or antagonists. Biased agonism is a relatively newer pharmacodynamic characteristic that has potential to optimize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects in psychiatric and neurological treatments.

Metabolic syndrome, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure: insights from the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA).

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with major implications for healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Effective metabolic control and risk factor management, including evidence-based pharmacological therapies such as statins, ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), are essential for reducing adverse outcomes. However, gaps persist in the implementation of these therapies, particularly in resource-limited regions.

Chronic pain in the Chilean population: risk factors prevalence and cognitive associations.

Chronic pain (CP) is a global public health issue and a critical factor in the aging process. Chile, as one of the most aged countries in Latin America, presents a unique context for exploring CP and its associated factors. Despite its significance in aging, previous studies in the region often fail to comprehensively address key variables such as age, income, mood, mobility, diet, and cognitive skills, nor do they systematically investigate the relationship between CP and cognitive impairment.

Insulin DEgludec/LIraglutide versus multiple daily insulin injections in the transition from hospital to outpatient management assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: the DELI transition trial.

Aims/objective: The aim of the study was to assess the safety profile (defined as the percentage of patients with at least one hypoglycaemic event [more than 15 min with glucose levels <3.0 mmol/l as documented by continuous glucose monitoring] in the first 4 weeks of follow-up) for insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) during the transition from hospital to an outpatient setting.

Methods: The study was an open-label, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing IDegLira to MDI after hospital discharge in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Attitudes, barriers, and facilitators for the use of rescue therapy in patients with mild to moderate asthma.

Objective: To explore and understand the barriers and facilitators for correctly using maintenance/controller and rescue treatments in adults with mild to moderate asthma (GINA 2020 classification) attending a reference center for asthma in Bogotá, Colombia, during the years 2021-2022.

Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach using semi-structured interviews with adults with mild to moderate asthma, under a purposive non-probabilistic sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Nvivo software (Version 11.

Economic analysis: PICC versus short catheter for prolonged home antibiotic therapy.

Introduction: Hospital-at-home programs rely on vascular access devices for secure administration of parenteral antimicrobials. While guidelines recommend peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) for treatments ≥14 days, short peripheral catheters (SPC) are often used instead. Cost-effectiveness studies comparing these devices and their complications are limited.

Resilience and brain health in global populations.

Resilience is a multifaceted concept that spans biological, psychological and social domains, and is critical for population health-particularly brain health. While most existing research originates from the global north, there is an urgent need to explore resilience in the majority world settings, where unique biological, exposomal, economic and sociocultural factors shape health. In this Review, we highlight resilience as a key modifier of brain health outcomes.

Effect of Preoperative Antiplatelet Therapy with Acetylsalicylic Acid on Complications and Recurrence in Patients Requiring Drainage of Chronic Subdural Hematomas: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the effect of preoperative acetylsalicylic acid use on the risk of recurrence and complications in patients undergoing surgical drainage of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) in light of the widespread use of acetylsalicylic acid for cardiovascular prevention among the growing elderly population.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed on May 31st, 2025, across Pubmed, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science.

Subjective memory complaints of patients and caregivers and their association with sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with neurocognitive disorders from Colombia.

Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are common in older adults and may signal cognitive decline. We examined the clinical correlates of patient-reported SMC and caregiver-reported complaints (CMC) and introduced their discrepancy (SMCΔ) as a potential marker of anosognosia or caregiver overestimation. We carried out a cross-sectional study and systematically assessed cognitive, functional, and behavioral domains of 6,708 individuals from a Latin American memory clinic.

Barriers to early and effective overactive bladder management in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Overactive bladder is underdiagnosed and undertreated in men as symptoms overlap with benign prostatic obstruction. This study identified barriers urologists encountered in effectively managing overactive bladder in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. 60 urologists recruited across Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Russia, South Korea and Thailand via convenience sampling participated in in-depth interviews.

CLINICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC COLLECTIONS DUE TO ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN A REFERRAL HOSPITAL.

Background: Pancreatic collections are a common complication of acute pancreatitis. In Latin America, information on the types of pancreatic collections and their management is limited and may vary between regions depending on the availability of highly specialised and minimally invasive treatment resources.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with acute pancreatic collections secondary to acute pancreatitis treated at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia) between 2012-2023.

OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING PANCREATODUODENECTOMY (WHIPPLE'S PROCEDURE) ACCORDING TO THE PRESENCE OF PREOPERATIVE BILIARY DRAINAGE.

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for the treatment of resectable pancreaticoduodenal tumours. It has been proposed that jaundice is associated with worse outcomes, but the usefulness of preoperative biliary drainage in these patients is still controversial.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing Whipple procedure at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia), between January 2010 and June 2023.

Risk factors associated with surgical reintervention in postoperative cardiac surgery: is there an impact of intraoperative fluid balance?

Introduction: The relationship between intraoperative fluid balance and surgical reintervention in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is currently unclear.

Methods: Case‒control study nested in a historical cohort. Patients over 18 years of age in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery were included, and unplanned surgical reintervention was evaluated as the primary outcome.

Consensus statement on standardizing CGM evaluation metrics in Latin America: an expert approach.

Background: Latin America has no accepted performance standards for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology evaluation. This has resulted in the emergence of various CGM devices in the market that do not meet strict quality, accuracy, reliability or safety standards. CGM systems are crucial for managing diabetes, as they provide frequent glucose measurements and help detect hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia episodes or even predict these events.