V600E Mutation Has Variable Tumor-Specific Effects on Expression of MAPK Pathway Genes That Could Affect Patient Outcome.

BRAF inhibitors have a 50-70% response rate in melanoma but are less effective for thyroid cancer. Differential response may be from activation or expression of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes. Retrospective analysis compared whole exome and transcriptome sequencing in melanoma and thyroid cancers from April 2019 to October 2023.

Enhanced contrast in FAP-targeting PET imaging with Cu-labeled FAP inhibitors: development and preclinical evaluation of novel [Cu]Cu-Kalios PET radioligands.

Background: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeting radioligands have gained attention for the ability to image multiple tumor types. Current FAP-targeting radioligands are labeled with Ga and F, but their short half-lives limit distribution range after production and later time-point imaging. This study describes the development Kalios, a novel class of NODAGA-conjugated FAP-targeting radioligands labeled with the cyclotron-produced Copper-61 (t = 3.

Oncogenic p53 induces mitotic errors in lung cancer cells by recopying DNA replication forks conferring targetable proliferation advantage.

Oncogenic p53 mutations (Onc-p53) are frequent in lung and many other solid tumors often associated with chromosome aberrations. Why cells with Onc-p53 develop chromosomal aberrations and whether the abnormalities contribute to tumor growth remain elusive. Evidence in this communication demonstrate for the first time that replication stress induced by Onc-p53 triggers re-copying of DNA replication forks, which generates replication intermediates that cause persistent mitotic aberration and DNA segregation errors.

Evaluating Patient Adherence and Persistence to Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data.

Background: Combination therapy using an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the standard first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Oral TKIs enhance patient autonomy but require strict adherence and persistence.

Methods: We analyzed adults with metastatic RCC at Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, receiving at least 2 TKI prescriptions between April 29, 2019, and August 29, 2022, assessing adherence via Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and Proportion of Days Covered (PDC).

REFINE: a database of linked clinical data and genomic biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy-based treatment regimens.

The REnal cancer consortium for Focused Investigation of Novel biomarkers and Expression (REFINE) consortium represents an important initiative in integrating clinical data with molecular sequencing in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with immunotherapy-based approaches. By leveraging real-world evidence and genomic analysis, this consortium aims to explore putative predictive biomarkers with the potential to inform personalized treatment strategies. Findings from the REFINE database may further contribute to our understanding of disease courses of immunotherapy-based approaches for various molecular subtypes of RCC, associations of race and ethnicity with RCC treatment and outcomes with representation of patient populations underrepresented in clinical trials, and optimizing treatment sequencing.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening Based on Breast Density: 2024 Update.

Screening mammography has been proven to reduce the mortality from breast cancer by approximately 30%, however, it is less sensitive in women with dense breast tissue and certain risk groups. Supplemental screening may be considered based on the patient's risk level and breast density. In all women, digital breast tomosynthesis improves screening sensitivity.

Detection of HER2-Low Lesions Using HER2-Targeted PET Imaging in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Paired HER2 PET and Tumor Biopsy Analysis.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, demonstrated remarkable efficacy in previously treated patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (mBC), marking a new therapeutic option for this patient population. Prior studies with HER2 PET using Zr-radiolabeled antibodies were limited by high rates of imaging false positives for HER2-positive malignancy. In this retrospective study, we investigate whether these false positives (HER2-negative on pathology) could be explained by HER2-low lesions.

Evaluating Automated Tools for Lesion Detection on F Fluoroestradiol PET/CT Images and Assessment of Concordance with Standard-of-Care Imaging in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Purpose To evaluate two automated tools for detecting lesions on fluorine 18 (F) fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT images and assess concordance of F-FES PET/CT with standard diagnostic CT and/or F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis of a prospective study included participants with breast cancer who underwent F-FES PET/CT examinations ( = 52), F-FDG PET/CT examinations ( = 13 of 52), and diagnostic CT examinations ( = 37 of 52). A convolutional neural network was trained for lesion detection using manually contoured lesions.

Immune Profiling of Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases and Response to Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) differ significantly between uveal melanoma (UM) and cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. We investigated the immune profile of metastatic UM(mUM) patients and identified markers that are predictive of improved survival. Metastatic liver samples from 189 UM patients and 48 CM patients were analyzed at genomic and transcriptional levels, and survival analysis was performed on a subgroup of 76 ICI-treated mUM patients.

The Role of Ayurveda in Prostate Cancer Management.

Ayurveda is commonly utilized in the treatment of medical ailments but has yet to gain traction in incorporation into allopathic medicine. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and presents a significant public health burden across the globe. Despite advancements in the management of advanced prostate cancer including androgen deprivation therapy and novel hormonal therapies, men may eventually develop resistance to hormonal therapy.

Adult granulosa cell tumor with rare pulmonary presentation.

Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon sex cord-stromal neoplasm of the ovary. It typically demonstrates locoregional spread, and disease outside of the pelvis as metastasis is uncommon. Only a rare case of primary thoracic adult GCT has been documented, and here we describe another occurrence with unusual pulmonary presentation, thereby expanding the anatomic distribution across which adult GCT could potentially arise.

F-Fluoroestradiol PET/CT for Predicting Benefit from Endocrine Therapy in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

F-fluoroestradiol (F-FES) PET/CT has been investigated as a potential biomarker to predict response to endocrine therapies in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Although previous findings were promising, most had limited statistical significance because of small individual sample sizes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and metaanalysis of the F-FES PET/CT literature to increase our power to evaluate the utility of F-FES PET/CT as a biomarker for prediction of clinical benefit from endocrine therapy in patients with ER-positive breast cancer.

Individualizing first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma: A favorable dilemma for patients and physicians.

The treatment landscape for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) has evolved rapidly in recent years. In current guidelines, combination treatment with enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab is the first-line (1L) standard of care, and other recommended 1L treatment options are platinum-based chemotherapy followed by avelumab as switch-maintenance treatment in patients without progression, or combination treatment with nivolumab, cisplatin, and gemcitabine for cisplatin-eligible patients only. Individual patients differ in terms of their health status, disease characteristics, expected toxicities, and treatment preferences; thus, a "one-size-fits-all" approach to treatment is unlikely to be optimal.

The Genitourinary Medical Oncology Workforce in the United States.

Objective: To characterize the genitourinary medical oncology workforce in the United States.

Methods: Utilizing the top cancer hospitals as ranked by US News & World Reports, genitourinary medical oncologists in each state of the United States were identified. Data including gender, race/ethnicity, site of medical education, and site of clinical practice were collected.

The emerging role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in treating or preventing cancer.

With the growing incidence of obesity-related malignancies, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent an intriguing potential clinical avenue for cancer prevention and treatment. Population-based data suggest that individuals who have taken GLP-1 receptor agonists have a decreased incidence of obesity-related cancers. Moreover, and studies have demonstrated the antitumor activity of these agents independent of other antineoplastic therapeutics.

The role of dietary sugars in cancer risk: A comprehensive review of current evidence.

Goal Of The Review: The objective of this review is to conduct a thorough examination of the current evidence regarding the correlation between dietary sugar intake and cancer risk. This will encompass the biological mechanisms, the diverse effects of various sugar types, and the potential implications for cancer treatment and dietary recommendations.

Introduction: Nutritional and epidemiological studies now focus much on the relationship between sugar intake and cancer.