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Oncogenic p53 mutations (Onc-p53) are frequent in lung and many other solid tumors often associated with chromosome aberrations. Why cells with Onc-p53 develop chromosomal aberrations and whether the abnormalities contribute to tumor growth remain elusive. Evidence in this communication demonstrate for the first time that replication stress induced by Onc-p53 triggers re-copying of DNA replication forks, which generates replication intermediates that cause persistent mitotic aberration and DNA segregation errors. Replication intermediates from re-copied replication forks induced by Onc-p53 activate ATM signaling, which stabilizes Onc-p53, reinforces its ability to upregulate replication factors for sustaining replication stress, thus generating a feedforward cycle accelerating tumor formation. In agreement with this observation our time lapse video microscopy show in real time that persistent mitotic aberration and DNA segregation errors induced by Onc-p53 confer selective growth advantage. Accordingly, human lung tumors with Onc-p53 show selection of cells with mitotic aberration during serial passages. Knock down of active replication forks reduces re-copied fork generation by Onc-p53 and specifically induces apoptotic death of lung cancer cells expressing Onc-p53 in xenograft lung tumors synergistically in cooperation with inhibitors of ATM activation, deselecting cells with Onc-p53 with mitotic errors. This communication reveals a novel mechanism which interconnects replication stress induced by Onc-p53 to its stabilization and ability to generate chromosomal aberration in lung cancer cells that both accelerate tumor growth and serve as a targetable therapeutic vulnerability. These findings will be extremely valuable for tumor-specific treatment of a high percentage of cancer patients with p53 mutation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7303237/v1 | DOI Listing |
PLoS Genet
September 2025
Dept of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.
The ability to complete DNA replication as replisomes converge has recently been shown to be a highly-regulated, multi-enzymatic process. Converging forks also are likely to generate unique supercoiled, tangled, or knotted substrates. These structures are typically resolved by one of the four topoisomerases encoded by Escherichia coli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA double-strand break repair pathway that facilitates genetic exchange and protects damaged replication forks during DNA synthesis. As a template-based repair process, the successful repair of a double-strand break depends on locating suitable homology from a donor DNA sequence elsewhere in the genome. In eukaryotes, Rad51 catalyzes the homology search in coordination with the ATP-dependent motor protein Rad54.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Nuclease-helicase DNA2 is a multifunctional genome caretaker that is essential for cell proliferation in a range of organisms, from yeast to human. Bi-allelic DNA2 mutations that reduce DNA2 concentrations cause a spectrum of primordial dwarfism disorders, including Seckel and Rothmund-Thomson-related syndromes. By contrast, cancer cells frequently express high concentrations of DNA2 (refs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
August 2025
Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada.
Replication stress (RS) poses a threat to genome stability and drives genomic rearrangements. The homologous recombination (HR) pathway repairs stalled replication forks (RFs) and prevents such instability. Through an E3 ubiquitin ligase screen aimed at identifying regulators of RAD51, we identified macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA), a core component of C-terminal to Lish (CTLH) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, as a regulator of the HR pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
August 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:
Purpose: Poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are being combined with photon and proton radiotherapy in clinical trials. We sought to investigate mechanisms of PARPi radiosensitization at varying linear energy transfer (LET) levels after observing an extreme normal tissue response in an 18-year-old with high grade glioma without a germline alteration predictive of heightened radiosensitivity treated with veliparib and proton therapy.
Experimental Design: BRCA1/2 wild-type non-cancerous and cancerous cells were treated with PARPi plus photons or protons at the entrance (ENT, dose-averaged LET [LETd] 2.