Green synthesis of chitosan-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles using Christia vespertilionis extract for sustainable nano-priming of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis and Spinacia oleracea seeds.

Agricultural productivity worldwide is increasingly challenged by environmental stresses driven by climate change and rapid population growth. Enhancing seed germination and seedling vigor is crucial to sustaining crop productivity under such stress conditions. This study explores a sustainable nano-priming strategy using chitosan-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-IONPs) synthesized via a green approach employing Christia vespertilionis extract.

The real-time brain tissue oxygen saturation monitoring using a versatile red-green-blue camera in cerebrovascular surgery.

Background: Intraoperative monitoring plays a crucial role in reducing complications during neurosurgical procedures. However, effective methods to detect brain tissue viability changes due to blood flow alterations remain unsolved. Electrophysiological techniques, such as motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and fluorescent angiography using indocyanine green, are the primary methods for intraoperative assessment.

Photocatalytic syntheses and evaluation of biological activities of rare disaccharides, 3-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabinose.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in rare sugars due to their potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. However, sustainable production methods for these compounds remain challenging due to their high cost, lengthy production times, and environmentally harmful reagents. Herein, we report a novel photocatalytic approach for synthesizing rare disaccharides from maltose, an abundant and renewable natural resource, under mild conditions at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using light as the energy source.

Selective oxidative modification of tryptophan and cysteine residues using visible light responsive Rh doped SrTiO photocatalyst.

In recent years, amino acids and peptides have attracted significant attention in food and medical fields due to their functionality. These functionalities largely depend on the chemical properties of their side chains, and efficient methods for selective side chain modification are desired. In this study, we investigated the selective modification of amino acids and peptides using rhodium-doped SrTiO (g-STO:Rh), a visible light-responsive photocatalyst.

The Masc-PSI complex directly induces male-type doublesex splicing in silkworms.

The WZ sex determination system is found in a diverse range of animals, including lepidopteran insects. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, the masculinizing protein Masculinizer (BmMasc) induces the production of the male-type Bombyx mori doublesex (Bmdsx), which is the master genetic switch of B. mori sex differentiation.

Study on mechanism of biochar improving acid Soil: Multi-scale experiment and numerical simulation.

This study explored peanut shell biochar's remediation effects on acidic soils through leaching experiments and numerical simulations. Five biochar application rates (0-10 %) were tested under leaching (LP) and natural (NP) conditions. Biochar significantly increased soil pH (from 5.

Highly Efficient and Economical One-Pot Two-Step Multienzymatic Synthesis of 6'/3'-Sialyllactosamine from In Situ-Produced -Acetyllactosamine.

Among over 200 human milk oligosaccharides, 6'-SLN (6'-sialyl--acetyllactosamine) and 3'-SLN possess potential antiviral function and can potentially enhance brain development and knowledge. So far, no efficient and cost-effective synthetic pathways for 6'-SLN and 3'-SLN have been developed. In this study, efficient enzymatic pathways to synthesize 6'-SLN and 3'-SLN were established involving economic cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) regeneration from commercial -acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) with yields of >95%.

Systematic synthesis of rare sugars and stereospecific conversion via photocatalysis.

Rare sugars have gained attention as potential raw materials for pharmaceuticals and functional foods. Photocatalysis presents a promising approach for rare sugar synthesis due to its mild reaction conditions and environmental compatibility. While previous photocatalytic methods reported individual routes for specific rare sugars, systematic synthesis through a unified methodology has not been achieved, and control of optical isomers remains insufficiently explored.

Microchemical system for simultaneous measurement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemical reactions.

Electrochemical reactions have been extensively studied and used in various fundamental research and engineering applications such as electroplating, surface treatment, secondary batteries, and fuel cells because they are scalable, economically viable, and practical processes. Research on electrochemical reactions is ongoing because they still contain unknown phenomena. In particular, the ability to conduct reactions at interfaces while precisely controlling non-equilibrium chemical reaction states electrically contributes to the analysis of reaction mechanisms and industrial applications.

Generation of Rare Sugars by Electrochemical Oxidation of d-Glucose Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode.

The electrochemical oxidation of biomass for the production of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach in the field of sustainable chemistry. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical conversion of d-glucose, a biomass-derived compound, using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes under constant applied current (10 mA) or potentials (1.5-3.

Size- and Concentration-Dependent Adsorption of Polydisperse Dispersant Oligomers to TiO Nanoparticles and the Effect of Adding Poor Solvents.

Polyhydroxystearic acid (PHSA) is widely used as an oil-soluble dispersant for metal oxide particles in cosmetics. PHSA is essentially polydisperse. In this study, we investigated the size-dependent adsorption of PHSA oligomers to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) by gel permeation chromatography.

Quantitative Characterization of Modified Lignin Using Solid-State C NMR Spectroscopy.

Solid-state C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with magic angle spinning (MAS) and direct polarization (DP) techniques is a valuable tool for quantitative and reliable characterization of lignin derivatives, specifically for determining these chemical structures and the degree of substitution upon chemical modification. In this study, the DPMAS C NMR spectroscopy was used in a quantitative study of the esterifying reaction in lignin derivatives, which allowed the whole lignin structure to be determined. This quantitative evaluation system using DPMAS C NMR spectroscopy can be widely utilized for lignin characterization without a specific chemical treatment or decomposition of lignin.

Effects of overexpression on lignin and cell wall characteristics in transgenic hybrid aspen.

In plant cell walls, lignin, cellulose, and the hemicelluloses form intricate three-dimensional structures. Owing to its complexity, lignin often acts as a bottleneck for the efficient utilization of polysaccharide components as biochemicals and functional materials. A promising approach to mitigate and/or overcome lignin recalcitrance is the qualitative and quantitative modification of lignin by genetic engineering.

Long-term NPK fertilization enhances microbial carbon use efficiency in Andosols by alleviating P limitation and shifting microbial strategies.

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an essential indicator of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. The high yield (Y)-resource acquisition (A)-stress tolerance (S) life strategy framework was used to assess microbial adaptation and its impact on CUE in response to soil environment and nutrient availability. Topsoil (0-15 cm) was collected from a 36-year experimental field of Andosol in Japan with six fertilizer treatments: no application, inorganic PK, NK, NPK, compost, and NPK with compost (NPKCM) to elucidate the effects of nutrient availability and environmental changes caused by fertilization on CUE.

Mitochondrial damage and ER stress in CB1 receptor antagonist-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) is the key modulator of neuronal viability. CB1R antagonists provide neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity caused by e.g.

Integration of Dynamical Network Biomarkers, Control Theory and Model Identifies Vasa/DDX4 as the Potential Therapeutic Targets for Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a subclinical disease, resulting in increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality. Dynamical network biomarkers (DNB) theory has been developed to provide early-warning signals of the disease state during a preclinical stage. To improve the efficiency of DNB analysis for the target genes discovery, the DNB intervention analysis based on the control theory has been proposed.

evaluation of burn severity in skin tissue of rats using hemoglobin parameters estimated by red-green-blue imaging.

Significance: Burn injuries are a global public health problem and are estimated to cause more than 150,000 deaths annually. Even non-fatal burns result in prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, and disability. The depth of the burn injury is crucial information for selecting adequate treatment for burns.

Autonomous shaping of the piRNA sequence repertoire by competition between adjacent ping-pong amplification sites.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial for silencing transposable elements (TEs). In many species, piRNAs are generated via a complex process known as the ping-pong pathway, coupling TE cleavage with piRNA amplification. However, the biological significance of this complexity remains unclear.

Functional changes in β-lactoglobulin by conjugation with carboxymethyl cellulose.

β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were conjugated by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). The BLG-CMC conjugates with different CMC content and molecular weights were prepared. Confirmation of conjugation was carried out by SDS-PAGE.

Transposon-host arms race: a saga of genome evolution.

Once considered 'junk DNA,' transposons or transposable elements (TEs) are now recognized as key drivers of genome evolution, contributing to genetic diversity, gene regulation, and species diversification. However, their ability to move within the genome poses a potential threat to genome integrity, promoting the evolution of robust host defense systems such as Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), the human silencing hub (HUSH) complex, 4.5SH RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).

Relationship Between the Density of in Soil at Harvest Evaluated Using Real-Time PCR and Sweetpotato Disease Incidence.

Sweetpotato stem rot nematode () causes the most devastating disease affecting sweetpotato production in China. The objectives of this study were to (i) establish a quantification method using real-time PCR for of sweetpotato; (ii) analyze the effect of density at harvest on the percentage of disease incidence in sweetpotatoes; and (iii) evaluate the effect of soil physical properties on disease incidence. Populations of isolated from 28 different production areas in Henan Province exhibited identical sequences, and then real-time PCR-specific primers (PRNf and PRNr) were designed.

Synergetic effect of fungal pretreatment and lignin modification on delignification and saccharification: a case study of a natural lignin mutant in mulberry.

Background: Fungal pretreatment for partial separation of lignocellulosic components may reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance during the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Quantitative and qualitative modification of plant lignin through genetic engineering or traditional breeding may also reduce the recalcitrance. This study was conducted to examine the effects of combining these two approaches using three white rot fungi and mulberry wood with an altered lignin structure.

Biological characterization of breast cancer spheroid formed by fast fabrication method.

Unlabelled: Engineered three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture platforms are useful for reproducing and elucidating complex in vivo biological phenomena. Spheroids, 3D aggregates of living cells, are produced based on physicochemical or microfabrication technologies and are commonly used even in cancer pathology research. However, conventional methods have difficulties in constructing 3D structures depending on the cell types, and require specialized techniques/lab know-how to reproducibly control the spheroid size and shape.

Photocatalytic production and biological activity of D-arabino-1,4-lactone from D-fructose.

Lactones play crucial roles in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, food, and materials science, due to their unique structures and diverse biological activities. However, certain lactones are difficult to obtain in large quantities from natural sources, necessitating their synthesis to study their properties and potential. In this study, we investigated the photocatalytic conversion of D-fructose, a biomass-derived and naturally abundant sugar, using a TiO photocatalyst under light irradiation in ambient conditions.