Regulatory networks of KRAB zinc finger genes and transposable elements changed during human brain evolution and disease.

Evidence indicates that transposable elements (TEs) can contribute to the evolution of new traits, with some TEs acting as deleterious elements while others are repurposed for beneficial roles in evolution. In mammals, some KRAB-ZNF proteins can serve as a key defense mechanism to repress TEs, offering genomic protection. Notably, the family of KRAB-ZNF genes evolves rapidly and exhibits diverse expression patterns in primate brains, where some TEs, including autonomous LINE-1 and non-autonomous Alu and SVA elements, remain mobile.

Biparametric vs Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: The PRIME Diagnostic Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without prostate biopsy, has become the standard of care for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Resource capacity limits widespread adoption. Biparametric MRI, which omits the gadolinium contrast sequence, is a shorter and cheaper alternative offering time-saving capacity gains for health systems globally.

Concomitant Comedications and Survival With First-Line Pembrolizumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Importance: Antibiotics, steroids, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are suspected to decrease the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Objective: To explore the association of comedications with overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide retrospective cohort study used target trial emulations of patients newly diagnosed with NSCLC from January 2015 to December 2022, identified from the French national health care database.

The causal journey: from maps to mechanisms and digital twins.

Over three decades, statistical parametric mapping has transformed neuroimaging from descriptive mapping to causal inference, placing generative models at the core of causal explanations for brain function. It inspired to a large degree The Virtual Brain, which builds subject-specific digital twins from multimodal data, enabling brain simulations and exploration. Both frameworks converge at parameter estimation, where model and data meet, providing the mathematical manifestation of cause-effect in pathophysiology.

Eco Friendly and Budget Smart: An Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Alternative PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitor Dosing Regimens.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically beneficial but associated with high costs that represent a growing challenge for healthcare budgets and may affect affordability, especially in resource-limited settings. Moreover, the healthcare sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and medication-related waste-such as that from vial-based therapies-has been identified as a contributing factor. Alternative dosing strategies could reduce the environmental and financial impact of ICI therapy while maintaining clinical safety and efficacy.

From neglected to notoriety: a review of Mpox clinical features, virology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention strategies.

Purpose: This narrative review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on mpox, emphasizing updated epidemiology and recent advances in treatment and prevention strategies, in light of the latest outbreaks.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for publications on 'Mpox' and 'Monkeypox' up to June 5, 2025. Grey literature from governmental and health agencies was also accessed for outbreak reports and guidelines where published evidence was unavailable.

Is there a chance for curative treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) have a poor prognosis, with a 5-year relative Survival rate of 11.5%. Only 20% of patients are initially eligible for resection, and 50% of patients presented with metastatic disease, currently only candidates' palliative treatment.

Global challenges in diabetes research and care: which way forward? An appraisal from the EASD Global Council.

This review article, developed by the EASD Global Council, addresses the growing global challenges in diabetes research and care, highlighting the rising prevalence of diabetes, the increasing complexity of its management and the need for a coordinated international response. With regard to research, disparities in funding and infrastructure between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are discussed. The under-representation of LMIC populations in clinical trials, challenges in conducting large-scale research projects, and the ethical and legal complexities of artificial intelligence integration are also considered as specific issues.

Why and How to Use Process Philosophy in Everyday Ecology and Biology?

Recent studies in biology and ecology show striking convergences with process philosophy (PP). Biologists today are debating the real nature of evolution and of life itself, which is increasingly considered as a set of interrelated processes rather than a set of tangible species and material lineages. This perspective of focusing on changes can also be found with ecologists and environmental ethicists, whose studies feed into as well as draw on PP principles.

Reverberation cues underlying virtual auditory distance perception for a frontal source.

This study investigated the potential role of temporal, spectral, and binaural room-induced cues for the perception of virtual auditory distance. Listeners judged the perceived distance of a frontal source simulated between 0.5 and 10 m in a room via headphones, with eyes closed in a soundproof booth.

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with Tuber spp. Enhances host performances in Pinus and Carya and induces host-specific patterns in defense-related regulation in the leaf transcriptomes.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) colonize roots to establish symbiotic associations with plants. Sporocarps of the EMF Tuber spp. are considered as a delicacy in numerous countries and is a kind of EMF of great economic and social importance.

Neuropathic-like pain affects pain perception in patients with deep endometriosis: an observational study.

Purpose: Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent disease affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age, often associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Neuropathic pain has been increasingly recognized as a significant component in a subset of patients with CPP related to endometriosis. The study objective was to assess the prevalence of neuropathic-like pain in women with deep endometriosis (DE) and CPP, and to analyze its influence on pain perception and quality of life.

Organizational setups and non-elective surgical delays - a single-center cohort study: institutional setups and surgical delays.

Background: Extended delays in non-elective surgeries have been associated with suboptimal outcomes. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced healthcare systems to adapt their setups for unscheduled procedures, leading, in our institution, to a reorganization from a setup with two dedicated operating rooms (ORs) at a central facility without dedicated teams to a temporary one with both dedicated teams and ORs during lockdown phase. This study evaluates the impact of this transitions on the time to surgery considering unscheduled procedures.

Management of neuropathic pain: a survey of the Italian Association for the Study of Pain.

Background: Neuropathic pain significantly impacts the quality of life. This study explores neuropathic pain management practices among members of the Italian Association for the Study of Pain (AISD).

Methods: During the 46 National Congress, 240 physicians affiliated with AISD were surveyed.

Fulminant myocarditis: outcome predictors in an international cohort study.

Background And Aims: Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by acute myocardial inflammation and cardiogenic shock. Evidence on long-term outcomes, mortality risk factors, and targeted treatment options remains limited.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included consecutive adult patients admitted for FM between January 2012 and November 2022 at 26 European tertiary centres.

Transition of patients with hereditary nephropathies from pediatric to adult care.

Adolescents and young adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with genetic kidney diseases, face unique challenges as they transition from pediatric to adult nephrology care. This period is marked not only by changes in healthcare providers but also by significant developmental, psychosocial, and medical complexities. In response, the ERA Working Group on Genes and Kidney and the ESPN Working Group on Inherited Kidney Diseases have collaborated to develop practical advice for healthcare professionals involved in transition care across Europe and beyond.

Selective Coupling of Aminophosphole-Based Fluorophores to Unprotected Peptides through P-S Bond Formation.

Phosphole-based fluorophores are attractive dyes for bioimaging due to their relatively compact molecular structures, strong fluorescence up to the near-infrared region with large Stokes shifts, and remarkable resistance to photobleaching. Therefore, the development of efficient and chemoselective coupling methods for functionalizing phospholes is of significant interest for biomolecular labeling. Herein, we describe the synthesis of novel P-aminophospholes and their use for direct conjugation to cysteinyl peptides under mild conditions.

HLA Class Ib and MICA/MICB Expression in Human Tissues and Cell Types: Reshuffling Immune Players.

Abnormal expression of HLA class Ib, MICA and MICB molecules is associated with the evolution of pathological conditions and clinical settings. Here, we use RNA-sequencing data from two publicly-available projects, from different human organs and tissues and at single-cell level, to present their transcriptional expression throughout the human body, in comparison to that of HLA class Ia, HLA class II, their costimulatory molecules, and the main HLA transcription factors. Our analyses for 21 target genes reveal that median gene expression differs by orders of magnitude and that the classical/non-classical HLA distinction is not absolute for overall expression.

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of refractory focal status epilepticus.

This case study reports the first documented use of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) to treat refractory status epilepticus (RSE). A 33-year-old woman with drug-resistant epilepsy and recurrent RSE underwent SEEG to define her epileptogenic zone. A new RSE started shortly before and continued during the SEEG exploration, being unresponsive to multiple antiseizure medications, vagal nerve stimulation, and corticosteroid therapy.

Development and experimental validation of a two-axis thrust stand for the characterization of electric thruster thrust vectoring.

A two-axis thrust stand is developed and validated experimentally, enabling direct and simultaneous measurements of two components of the thrust vector of an electric thruster. It is made of two piled-up single-axis stages, each having a hanging deformable parallelogram geometry. A mass deposition calibration method is used to calibrate the thrust stand, including crosstalk between axes.

Binocular cues to 3D face structure increase activation in depth-selective visual cortex with negligible effects in face-selective areas.

Studies of visual face processing often use flat images as proxies for real faces due to their ease of manipulation and experimental control. Although flat images capture many features of a face, they lack the rich three-dimensional (3D) structural information available when binocularly viewing real faces (e.g.

Facial Asymmetry in the Helical Grooves of Chiral Helical Polymers to Create 2D Single-Chain Archimedean Spiral Nanostructures.

Archimedean spirals are architectural motifs that are found in nature. The facial asymmetry of amphiphilic molecules or macromolecules has been a key parameter in the preparation of these well-organized two-dimensional nanostructures in the laboratory. This facial asymmetry is also present in the helical grooves of chiral helical substituted poly(phenylacetylene)s (PPAs) and poly(diphenylacetylene)s (PDPAs), making them excellent candidates for self-assembly into 2D Archimedean nanospirals or nanotoroids.

Complete genome sequence of strain MNA2.1 isolated from sediments of the Berre lagoon, France.

We report the complete genome sequence of strain MNA2.1, isolated from coastal sediments of the Berre lagoon, France. The genome consists of a 3,866,286 bp circular chromosome and a megaplasmid of 715,144 bp.

Orsay virus variants isolated from wild nematodes, France.

Four new variants of Orsay virus were identified from wild isolates of nematodes collected from decaying plant matter in France. Near-complete genomes of the viruses were determined by metagenomic sequencing. The four genomes share 96.