The application of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging in metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics analysis.

At present, mass spectrometry (MS) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) have developed into versatile analytical techniques, applicable for the analysis of both small molecules and macromolecular compounds and complexes. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), as an ambient MS (AMS) technique, enables rapid analysis and imaging under open conditions with minimal or no sample preparation required. In this review, the principles and mechanisms of DESI were described, especially for the factors affecting the analysis including suppression effects, device condition parameter settings, and ionization and transmission efficiency.

Provenance and Tectonic Evolution of the Kongtongshan Formation Conglomerate in Southwest Ordos Basin, China.

The Kongtongshan Formation (KTSF) conglomerate in the southwestern Ordos Basin is located at the intersection of China's North-South Tectonic Belt (NSTB) and the East-West Central China Orogenic Belt (CCOB), which are crucial for reconstructing the Early Mesozoic prototype basin and understanding the regional tectonic evolution of the North China Craton (NCC). However, the depositional age and material sources of the KTSF conglomerate remain controversial. In this study, we conducted zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and trace element analysis on sandstones, combined with paleocurrent direction measurements and field outcrop surveys, to constrain the sedimentary age and provenance of the KTSF conglomerates and reconstruct the regional tectonic evolution.