Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity.

Chromium toxicity is a major problem in agricultural soils that negatively affects a plant's metabolic activities. It reduces biochemical and antioxidant defence system's activities. In search of the solution to this problem a two-year pot experiment (completely randomized design with three replications), in three genetically different varieties of sorghum (SSG 59-3, HJ 513 and HJ 541) under Cr toxicity (2 and 4 ppm) was conducted to determine the effect of glycine betaine (50 and 100mM) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the antioxidant system (enzymes viz.

Soil applied glycine betaine with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces chromium uptake and ameliorates chromium toxicity by suppressing the oxidative stress in three genetically different Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars.

Background: Chromium is the most toxic pollutant that negatively affects a plant's metabolic activities and yield. It reduces plant growth by influencing the antioxidant defence system's activities. In the present study, a completely randomized block design experiment with three plants/pot in three replication was conducted on three varieties of sorghum viz.

Prospecting catabolic diversity of microbial strains for developing microbial consortia and their synergistic effect on Lentil (Lens esculenta) growth, yield and iron biofortification.

Carbon profiling of heterotrophic microbial inoculants is worthwhile strategy for formulating consortium-based biofertilizers. Consortium-based biofertilizers are better than single strain-based biofertilizers for sustaining agricultural productivity and enhancing micronutrient concentration in grains. Currently, we investigated catabolic diversity among microbes using different carbon sources and certain enzyme activities.

Molecular characterization and histo-physiological alterations induced by concurrent helminthosis in the liver of urban commensal rodents in Punjab, India.

Background: Rodents harbour a number of parasites of public health importance, thus, they threaten human health and livestock.

Aims: The present study aimed to characterize two helminthic species found in commensal rodents and record histo-physiological alterations induced by them.

Methods: A total of 300 synanthropic rodents of three species: (n=201), Bandicota bengalensis Mus musculus and necropsied in different seasons during November 2017 to October 2019 at Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

A comparative molecular dynamic simulation study on potent ligands targeting mTOR/FRB domain for breast cancer therapy.

Our study aimed to develop and find out the best drug candidate against the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR/FRB) domain having a critical role in the aetiology of breast cancer. The FKBP12-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain in the essential phosphoinositide 3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway has been a vital player in the disease progression in breast cancer. By using structure-based drug designing , the best possible targets have been identified and developed.

Impact of nanochitosan and spp. on health, productivity and defence response in under field condition.

Unlabelled: The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria along with nanochitosan on maize productivity remains unexplored. In the present study we report the effect of nanochitosan and PGPR on growth, productivity and mechanism(s) involved in defence response in under field conditions. Application of nanochitosan (50 mg L) along with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhanced seed germination, plant height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar and protein content upto 1.

Bacillus circulans MTCC 7906 aided facile development of bioconjugate nano-silica alkaline protease formulation with superlative dehairing potential.

The tannery industries utilize environmentally hazardous chemicals to achieve dehairing of animal hides, which causes enormous waterbed pollution & high TDS load. Alkaline protease enzyme for dehairing can be an effective solution to resolve the environmental problems of the tannery industry waste. However, stable, cost-efficient and eco-benign formulations of alkaline protease need to be developed for commercial applications in the tannery industry.

Cultivable and metagenomic approach to study the combined impact of nanogypsum and Pseudomonas taiwanensis on maize plant health and its rhizospheric microbiome.

In the present study we examined the effect of nanogypsum and Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain BCRC 17751on plant and soil health using conventional and metagenomics approaches. Soil physicochemical properties and agronomical parameters of maize plants were reported to be better when applied with nanogypsum and bacterial inoculum together. When compared to control a significant increase in total bacterial counts, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) solubilizing bacterial population and soil enzyme activities (fluorescein diacetate, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, arylesterase and amylase) was reported in treatments.

Low-cost nano-TiO composites for remediation of textile dyes: Appraisal on the effect of solar and ultraviolet irradiations.

The study evaluates the azo dye degradation potential of nano-TiO ; its composites with low-cost substrates in the form of powder and encapsulated bead for two widely used azo dyes, methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR) under solar and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Degradation potential varied according to the dye concentration, chemistry of dye, light source, and the formulation of the photocatalyst. Both the dyes were completely decolorized at 100 mg/L concentration and to some extent at 1,000 mg/L concentration.

Differential Antimycotic and Antioxidant Potentials of Chemically Synthesized Zinc-Based Nanoparticles Derived from Different Reducing/Complexing Agents against Pathogenic Fungi of Maize Crop.

The present study aimed for the synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-fungal potentials of zinc-based nanoparticles (ZnNPs) by using different reducing or organic complexing-capping agents. The synthesized ZnNPs exhibited quasi-spherical to hexagonal shapes with average particle sizes ranging from 8 to 210 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy of the prepared ZnNPs showed variation in the appearance of characteristic absorption peak(s) for the various reducing/complexing agents i.

Physio-biochemical responses of wheat plant towards salicylic acid-chitosan nanoparticles.

Sustained source-activity is imperative for vigor plant growth and yield. In present study, physio-biochemical responses of wheat plant contributing to source-activity were measured after application of salicylic acid-chitosan nanoparticles (SA-CS NPs). SA-CS NPs slowly release SA for sustained availability to plant.

Seasonal variation of potentially toxic metal contamination in Yamuna riverine ecosystem, Delhi, India.

The River Yamuna in Delhi region, the National Capital Territory (NCT) of India, carries potentially toxic metals such as Cr, Pb, Mn, Mg, Hg, Fe and Zn. These contaminants are discharged mainly from industrial wastes, agricultural and household activities and domestic sewage. A total of 12 stations (2.

Site-directed mutagenesis in the P-domain of calreticulin transacylase identifies Lys-207 as the active site residue.

Unlabelled: In silico-docking studies from previous work have suggested that Lys-206 and lys-207 of calreticulin (CR) play a pivotal key role in its well-established transacetylation activity. To experimentally validate this prediction, we introduced three mutations at lysine residues of P-domain of CR: K → A, (K -206, -209), (K -206, -207) and (K -207, -209) and analyzed their immunoreactivity and acetylation potential. The clones of wild-type P-domain ( ) and three mutated P-domain ( , and ) were expressed in pTrcHis C vector and the recombinant , , and proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.

Expression profile of protein fractions in the developing kernel of normal, Opaque-2 and quality protein maize.

Maize protein quality is determined by the composition of its endosperm proteins, which are classified as nutritionally poor zeins (prolamin and prolamin-like) and nutritionally rich non-zeins (albumin, globulin, glutelin-like, and glutelin). Protein quality is considerably higher in opaque-2 mutants due to increased content of non-zeins over zeins. However, the opaque-2 endosperm is soft, which leads to poor agronomic performance and post-harvest infestation.

Bioinoculation using indigenous spp. improves growth and yield of under the influence of nanozeolite.

Unlabelled: Bio-inoculants play an important role for sustainable agriculture. Application of nanocompounds in the agriculture sector provides strength and is reported to enhance crop production but the combined effect of nanocompounds and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plants has not been studied much. Therefore, the present study was planned to observe the effect of two plant growth promotory spp.

Chitosan-silicon nanofertilizer to enhance plant growth and yield in maize (Zea mays L.).

We report a novel chitosan-silicon nanofertilizer (CS-Si NF) wherein chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-matrix has been used to encapsulate silicon (Si) for its slow release. It was synthesied by ionic gelation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The developed CS-Si NF exhibited slow release of Si and promoted gowth and yield in maize crop.

Development of a Yellow-Seeded Stable Allohexaploid Brassica Through Inter-Generic Somatic Hybridization With a High Degree of Fertility and Resistance to .

The Brassica coenospeceis have treasure troves of genes that could be beneficial if introgressed into cultivated Brassicas to combat the current conditions of climate change. Introducing genetic variability through plant speciation with polyploidization is well documented, where ploidy augmentation of inter-generic allohexaploids using somatic hybridization has significantly contributed to genetic base broadening. is a member of the Brassicaceae family that possesses valuable genes, including genes conferring resistance to , , pod shattering, heat, and drought stress.

Cu-chitosan nano-net improves keeping quality of tomato by modulating physio-biochemical responses.

Minimizing the post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables is one of the challenging tasks in agriculture. To address this issue, we report nano-net of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles (Cu-chitosan NPs) which has the ability to extend the shelf-life of stored tomato. The application of Cu-chitosan NPs (0.

Efficacy of Different Decontamination Processes in Mitigation of Pesticide Residues from Chili Crop.

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of seven decontamination processes in reducing the pesticide mixture load of six insecticides (quinalphos, profenophos, ethion, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid) from chili (Capsicum annuum L.). In the control treatment, the pesticide residues were extracted without following any decontamination procedure.

Alterations in Growth and Morphology of and in Response to Nanoparticle Supplementation.

Use of nanoparticles (NPs) in several commercial products has led to emergence of novel contaminants of air, soil and water bodies. The NPs may exhibit greater ecotoxicity due to nano-scale dependent properties over their bulk counterparts. The present investigation explores the effect of supplementation of TiO, silica and silver NPs on radial growth and ultrastructural changes in the hyphae and spores of two mushroom genera, and A concentration dependent decrease in radial growth on NP amended potato dextrose agar medium was recorded.

sp. nov., isolated from a bacterial consortia of contaminated soil enriched for the remediation of e-waste.

A novel e-waste-degrading strain, PE08, was isolated from contaminated soil collected from a paper mill yard in Lalkuan, Uttarakhand, India. Strain PE08 was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Optimum growth was observed at 30 °C (range, 5-40 °C), with 1-2 % NaCl (range, 0-3 %) and at pH 7 (range 6-11).

Genotype-Specific Antioxidant Responses and Assessment of Resistance Against Causing Sclerotinia Rot in Indian Mustard.

Productivity of Indian mustard, an important oilseed crop of India, is affected by several pathogens. Among them, the hemibiotroph , which causes sclerotinia rot disease, is the most devastating fungal pathogen causing up to 90% yield losses. The availability of host resistance is the only efficient approach to control and understand the host-pathogen interaction.

Management of plant vigor and soil health using two agriusable nanocompounds and plant growth promotory rhizobacteria in Fenugreek.

Application of nanocompounds and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) plays an important role in improving plant growth and soil health. In the present study, response of two PGPR (PS2-KX650178 and PS10-KX650179) along with nanozeolite and nanochitosan was studied on Fenugreek (), on the basis of physiological and biochemical parameters of soil and plant in pot experiment for 45 days. A significant increase (1.

Natural Products as Anti-Cancerous Therapeutic Molecules Targeted towards Topoisomerases.

Topoisomerases are reported to resolve the topological problems of DNA during several cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromatin remodeling. Two types of topoisomerases (Topo I and II) accomplish their designated tasks by introducing single- or double-strand breaks within the duplex DNA molecules, and thus maintain the proper structural conditions of DNA to release the topological torsions, which is generated by unwinding of DNA to access coded information, in the course of replication, transcription, and other processes. Both the topoisomerases have been looked at as crucial targets against various types of cancers such as lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers.

Myco-decontamination of azo dyes: nano-augmentation technologies.

Effluents of textile, paper, and related industries contain significant amounts of synthetic dyes which has serious environmental and health implications. Remediation of dyes through physical and chemical techniques has specific limitations. Augmented biological decontamination strategies 'microbial remediation' may involve ring-opening of dye molecules besides the reduction of constituent metal ions.