Motor Vehicle Collision Associated TBI: Predictors of Injury severity.

Objective: To determine the predictors of traumatic head injury (TBI) severity in adult patients involved in motor vehicle collisions or accidents, and to report on the outcomes of hospital admission, in-hospital death, and return to the Ed within 72 hours of discharge.

Methods: This is an observational cohort of adult patients (≥18 years) who sustained a TBI through involvement in motor vehicle collisions (MVC). Demographic, pre-hospital and clinical data were collected from medical records of patients.

Shared genetic architecture of non-viral cirrhosis with several pleiotropic traits: A nested case-control study in the UK Biobank.

Background & Aims: Cirrhosis is a leading cause of liver-related mortality and a multifactorial disease. To date, the complex genetic architecture of non-viral cirrhosis has not been fully explored. Cross-trait genetic correlations can elucidate the common genetic etiology of genetically correlated phenotypes.

Examining Differences in the Preparation and Performance of U.S. MCAT Examinees from Lower-SES Backgrounds: Awareness, Access, and Action Insights to Narrow Learning Opportunity and Performance Gaps and Promote Learning for All Aspiring Physicians.

On the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), required for entry into all medical schools in the U.S. and many in Canada, average scores are typically lower for individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds compared to their more advantaged peers, although individuals from every background score in the lower, middle, and upper ranges of the score scale.

Using a novel "Perceived Self-Group Hierarchy" measure to predict White Americans' health via feelings of "falling behind".

Previous research finds that White Americans tend to perceive "most White people" to be high-status and see themselves as falling behind their racial group (Cooley et al., 2021). These feelings of low within-group status predict fewer positive emotions which, in turn, predict worse health.

Brain-guided convolutional neural networks reveal task-specific representations in scene processing.

Scene categorization is the dominant proxy for visual understanding, yet humans can perform a large number of visual tasks within any scene. Consequently, we know little about how different tasks change how a scene is processed, represented, and its features ultimately used. Here, we developed a novel brain-guided convolutional neural network (CNN) where each convolutional layer was separately guided by neural responses taken at different time points while observers performed a pre-cued object detection task or a scene affordance task on the same set of images.

carriage and antibiotic use in children in southwestern Uganda.

Background: Acute respiratory infection is a significant health threat in children under the age of 5 years in Uganda and can be caused by .

Aim: This study documents caretaker behaviour in seeking treatment for suspected acute respiratory infection in children and estimates the prevalence of in healthy and sick children.

Setting: The study was carried out in the catchment region of Bwindi Community Hospital, encompassing the sub-counties of Kanyantorogo, Kayonza and Mpungu in rural southwestern Uganda.

OLTA: Optimizing bait seLection for TArgeted sequencing.

Motivation: Targeted enrichment via capture probes, also known as baits, is a promising complementary procedure for next-generation sequencing methods. This technique uses short biotinylated oligonucleotide probes that hybridize with complementary genetic material in a sample. Following hybridization, the target fragments can be easily isolated and processed with minimal contamination from irrelevant material.

Acute Onset Neuropsychiatric Conditions in Children and Adolescents following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Series.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in a substantial proportion of patients, acute, subacute, and chronic. Understanding of the neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae of this virus is an emerging field of study with rapidly evolving descriptions of its impact on the central and peripheral nervous system.

Case Presentation: Here, we report a series of 8 pediatric patients presenting with acute onset neuropsychiatric symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection who received comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation and treatment in our research-based Neuroimmune Psychiatric Disorders Program.

DeltaC and DeltaD ligands play different roles in the segmentation clock dynamics.

The vertebrate segmentation clock drives periodic somite segmentation during embryonic development. Her1 and Her7 clock proteins generate oscillatory expression of their own genes as well as that of deltaC in zebrafish. In turn, DeltaC and DeltaD ligands activate Notch signaling, which then activates transcription of clock genes in neighboring cells.

International Migration Review at 60: Evolving and Emerging Models of International Migration Research.

This contribution introduces the special issue commemorating the 60th anniversary of . We first review the scholarly themes of articles published in the journal during the last 10 years, since the 50th-anniversary issue. We identify seven broad trends and aspects of international population movements, migration, and the migrant experience, including mixed migration, access to asylum, climate migration, South-South models of integration and assistance, studies of legal and liminal status, and attitudes and national political response to immigrants, as key themes represented in the last decade of articles.

A self-training spiking superconducting neuromorphic architecture.

Neuromorphic computing takes biological inspiration to the device level aiming to improve computational efficiency and capabilities. One of the major issues that arises is the training of neuromorphic hardware systems. Typically training algorithms require global information and are thus inefficient to implement directly in hardware.

Machine learning uncovers novel sex-specific dementia biomarkers linked to autism and eye diseases.

Background: Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted significant interest as predictive biomarkers for various types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Machine learning (ML) methods enable the integration of miRNAs into highly accurate predictive models of dementia.

Objective: To investigate the differential expression of miRNAs across dementia subtypes compared to normal controls (NC) and analyze their enriched biological and disease pathways.

Development status of electrocatalytic hydrogenation of biomass small molecules and prospects for industrial production.

Biomass is the only renewable organic carbon resource in nature, and utilization of biomass is important for carbon neutrality. Currently, depolymerizing biomass macromolecules into small organic monomers via thermocatalytic pyrolysis is a well-established technique. Further valorization of these biomass small molecules to value-added products has attracted increasing attention, especially via electrochemistry coupling green electricity.

Environmental enrichment attenuates reinstatement of heroin seeking and reverses heroin-induced upregulation of mesolimbic ghrelin receptors.

We have shown that environmental enrichment (EE) can effectively reduce reinstatement and facilitate true abstinence in animal models of drug use. Here, we investigated whether EE is effective against reinstatement of heroin seeking in long access (LA) model, which has been argued to capture the compulsive features of human drug addiction. We also explored the neurobiology by which EE produces its anti-drug addiction effects.

Remote sensing for species distribution models: An illustration from a sentinel taxon of the world's driest ecosystem.

In situ observed data are commonly used as species occurrence response variables in species distribution models. However, the use of remotely observed data from high-resolution multispectral remote-sensing images as a source of presence/absence data for species distribution models remains under-developed. Here, we describe an ensemble species distribution model of black microbial mats (Nostoc spp.

Regulatory Effects of Cooperativity and Signal Profile on Adaptive Dynamics in Incoherent Feedforward Loop Networks.

Cellular adaptation to external signals is essential for biological functions, and it is an important field of interest in systems biology. This study examines the impact of cooperativity on the adaptation response of the Incoherent Feedforward Loop (IFFL) network motif to various signal profiles. Through comprehensive simulations, we studied how the IFFL motif responds to constant and pulse-type signals under varying levels of cooperativity.

Aging and Mentorship in the Margins: Multigenerational Knowledge Transfer Among LGBTQ+ Chosen Families.

Objectives: For LGBTQ+ communities, learning often happens among chosen families, including older adults. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical concepts of capital (e.g.

Parallel Functional Interrogations of Autism Risk Genes Reveal Drivers of Transcriptomic Convergence and the Female Protective Effect.

The surprising number and functional diversity of genes implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has made it challenging to identify core pathophysiological mechanisms or envision interventions with broad therapeutic potential. Here, parallel CRISPR-Cas13-based knockdown of 28 ASD genes and neighboring long non-coding RNAs reveals striking convergence on shared transcriptomic effects and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in human neural progenitor cells and cerebral organoids. Perturbations of single ASD genes caused the widespread dysregulation of other ASD genes, and reconstruction of gene regulatory networks uncovered the prominent autism risk gene as a critical driver of this transcriptomic convergence.

Quantifying the ability of the CFH group as a hydrogen bond donor.

The CFH group can act as a hydrogen bond donor, serving as a potential surrogate for OH or SH groups but with a weaker hydrogen bond donation ability. Here, we describe a series of CFH group-containing moieties that facilitate hydrogen bond interactions. We survey hydrogen bond donation ability using several established methods, including H NMR-based hydrogen bond acidity determination, UV-vis spectroscopy titration with Reichardt's dye, and H NMR titration using tri--butylphosphine oxide as a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Body Temperature Regulation in Domestic Dogs After Agility Trials: The Effects of Season, Training, Body Characteristics, Age, and Genetics.

An animal's body mass is said to be indirectly related to its rate of heat loss; that is, smaller animals with higher surface area to volume tend to lose heat faster than larger animals. Thus, thermoregulation should be related to body size, however, generalizable patterns are still unclear. Domestic dogs are a diverse species of endothermic mammals, including a 44-fold difference in body size.

Sex- and Substance-Specific Associations of Circadian-Related Genes with Addiction in the UK Biobank Cohort Implicate Neuroplasticity Pathways.

Background/objectives: The circadian clockwork is implicated in the etiology of addiction, with circadian rhythm disruptions bidirectionally linked to substance abuse, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie this connection are not well known.

Methods: Here, we use machine learning to reveal sex- and substance-specific associations with addiction in variants from 51 circadian-related genes (156,702 SNPs) in 98,800 participants from a UK Biobank cohort. We further analyze SNP associations in a subset of the cohort for substance-specific addictions (alcohol, illicit drugs (narcotics), and prescription drugs (opioids)).

Associating Race, Income, and Discrimination with COVID-19 Vaccine Status, Hesitancy, and Access in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study.

There is an emerging literature exploring the role of discrimination in vaccine hesitancy, particularly among Black individuals. The goal of the present research is to explore how COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccine status, and vaccine access are associated with race, income, and discrimination. A quota sample of 798 Black/White and low/high income participants from the United States completed an online survey between March 8 and April 19, 2023.

Hematological and immunological profiles of podoconiosis patients in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: Podoconiosis is a geo-chemically induced, non-infectious, familial, chronic lymphedema of the legs that occurs among barefoot people in rural, farming communities with extreme poverty. Despite a growing body of research surrounding the disease, the pathogenesis of the disease is relatively unknown. This study aims to investigate the immunological and hematological profiles of individuals affected by podoconiosis in comparison to healthy controls.

A Forgotten Millstone: Denialism and Child Abuse in the Christian Church.

Christianity was founded on the teachings of Jesus, whose words emphasize protecting and honoring children. Jesus' teachings are historically unique for the period with his emphasis on safeguarding children, but the church moved away from this focus. First century Christianity adopted protections for children and harsh consequences for those who would abuse a child.