Biodegradable NR Latex Films with Lignocellulosic and Collagen Hydrolysate Fillers.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the lignocellulose filler originating in wood and non-wood raw materials, alone or together with collagen hydrolysate, on the properties and biodegradation ability of natural rubber latex. The different hydrophobicity of the polymer matrix and natural filler makes it difficult to obtain a homogenous structure of the composite. However, the easy biodegradation of the natural filler is a sufficient reason to seek a compromise between its useful properties and the environmental safety of the material.

Cyclodextrins and polyhedral silsesquioxanes as 3D components of advanced hybrid systems - supramolecular chemistry and synergistic interactions for materials engineering.

This review focuses on the exciting potential of advanced supramolecular systems that integrate cyclodextrins (CDs) with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). Macrocyclic CDs provide functional segments for host-guest interactions whereas the rigid 3D inorganic components enhance mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resulting materials. A new class of hybrid systems suitable for innovative smart applications has emerged by incorporation of these complementary properties, expanding the use of POSS and CDs in materials science.

Spectroscopic and Pulse Radiolysis Studies of Water-Ethanolic Solutions of Albumins: Insight into Serum Albumin Aggregation.

Albumin-based nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to improve targeted drug release. Among various preparation methods, radiation-induced cross-linking in the presence of ethanol has been proposed in the literature as an effective method for producing protein nanoparticles with preserved bioactivity and controlled size. However, the mechanisms by which ethanol radicals contribute to protein aggregation remain insufficiently understood.

Biocomposites Based on Mould Biomass and Waste Fibres for the Production of Agrotextiles: Technology Development, Material Characterization, and Agricultural Application.

This study explores the potential use of mould biomass and waste fibres for the production of agrotextiles. First, 20 mould strains were screened for efficient mycelium growth, with optimized conditions of temperature, sources of carbon and nitrogen in the medium, and type of culture (submerged or surface). A method was developed for creating a biocomposite based on the mould mycelium, reinforced with commercial bleached softwood kraft (BSK) pulp and fibre additives (cotton, hemp).

Aggregation of Albumins under Reductive Radical Stress.

The reactions of radicals with human serum albumin (HSA) under reductive stress conditions were studied using pulse radiolysis and photochemical methods. It was proved that irradiation of HSA solutions under reductive stress conditions results in the formation of stable protein aggregates. HSA aggregates induced by ionizing radiation are characterized by unique emission, different from the UV emission of non-irradiated solutions.

Method for Calculating the Bending Stiffness of Honeycomb Paperboard.

The article presents continued considerations presented in a prior publication on the development of a model for calculating the bending stiffness of cellular honeycomb paperboards, applying the strength properties of paper raw materials used for the production of paperboard and the geometric parameters of cellular board. The results of calculations obtained by using the analytical model presented in the prior publication were significantly overestimated in relation to the value obtained by measurements. The calculation error in relation to the measurement value for the tested group of paperboards in the case of bending stiffness in the machine direction was within the range from 23% to 116%, and the average error was 65%, while in the cross direction it was within the range from 2% to 54%, and the average error was 31%.

Numerical and Experimental Study into Paper Compression Test.

The study aims to present the results of paper compression under an axial load. Different heights of samples subjected to compression were taken into account. The main goal of the analysis was to determine experimentally the maximum compression load.

Industrial Hemp as a Potential Nonwood Source of Fibres for European Industrial-Scale Papermaking-A Review.

The suitability of industrial hemp (IH) as a source of fibres for European industrial-scale papermaking, including, in particular, European kraft pulp mills (EKMPs) (i.e., plants producing the predominant amount of virgin pulps in Europe), was discussed, considering the causal, cultivation, technological, and application aspects of this issue.

Measurement and Control of Corrugated Board Production Parameters Taking into Account Individual Operator Preferences.

The article presents a proposal for optimizing the production process of corrugated cardboard based on measurements of process variables as well as the knowledge and skills of the operator conducting production. This technique involves continuous recording and analysis of process quantities that affect the quality of the produced cardboard. For this purpose, a network of temperature sensors with a system of continuous registration and monitoring of the process variables was designed and installed in the industrial environment of the corrugator.

New Models for Calculating the Maximum Compressive Force of Paper in Its Plane.

The main objective of the presented research was to find a model that describes the maximum compressive force of paper in its plane. The research began with crushing tests of a number of packaging paper samples of various lengths. It was shown that due to the specific structure of the paper and the high heterogeneity of its structure, packaging paper is material where it is difficult to determine the maximum compressive stress.

Bending Stiffness of Honeycomb Paperboard.

This article analyzes the influence of the initial deflection of the flat layers on the bending stiffness () of honeycomb paperboards and presents two methods for its calculation. Both methods allow for the determination of in the main directions in the plane of the paperboard, i.e.

Anti-counterfeiting system based on luminescent varnish enriched by NIR- excited nanoparticles for paper security.

Up-converting nanoparticles can be a demand for requirements in many areas, including bioimaging and conversion of energy, but also in the battle against counterfeiting. The properties of lanthanide ions make falsification difficult or even impossible using appropriately designed systems. The proposition of such an approach is the NaErF:Tm@NaYF core@shell up-converting nanoparticles combined with transparent varnishes.

Starch-Silane Structure and Its Influence on the Hydrophobic Properties of Paper.

Starch is an inexpensive, easily accessible, and widespread natural polymer. Due to its properties and availability, this polysaccharide is an attractive precursor for sustainable products. Considering its exploitation in adhesives and coatings, the major drawback of starch is its high affinity towards water.

Numerical and Experimental Study of Five-Layer Non-Symmetrical Paperboard Panel Stiffness.

This paper concerns the analysis of five-layer corrugated paperboard subjected to a four-point bending test. The segment of paperboard was tested to determine the bending stiffness. The investigations were conducted experimentally and numerically.

Disposable Food Packaging and Serving Materials-Trends and Biodegradability.

Food is an integral part of everyone's life. Disposable food serving utensils and tableware are a very convenient solution, especially when the possibility of the use of traditional dishes and cutlery is limited (e.g.

Paper Doped with Polyacrylonitrile Fibres Modified with 10,12-Pentacosadiynoic Acid.

This work reports a modification of a fibrous cellulose material (paper) by the addition of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres doped with 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA). The fibres are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When the paper containing PAN-PDA is irradiated with UV light it changes colour to blue as a consequence of interaction of the light with PDA.

Luminescent Cellulose Fibers Modified with Poly((9-Carbazolyl)Methylthiirane).

This article presents the results of research related to the development of cellulose man-made fibers with luminescent properties. The fibers were obtained from regenerated cellulose with the use of the N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide (NMMO) method for lyocell (Tencel) fiber formation. The method is named after the cellulose solvent (NMMO) used to obtain the spinning solution.

Flexural Damage of Honeycomb Paperboard-A Numerical and Experimental Study.

This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) of the bending of honeycomb-core panel. Segments of honeycomb paperboard of several thicknesses were subjected to four-point flexure tests to determine their bending stiffness and maximum load. Several mechanical properties of orthotropic materials were taken into account to account for the experimental results.

The Strength of Egg Trays under Compression: A Numerical and Experimental Study.

This work concerns the analysis of egg packages subjected to compression. Experimental investigations were carried out to determine the curves of compression and maximum loads. To compare packages accessible on the market, several different shapes of egg packages were tested after being conditioned in air with a relative humidity of 50%.

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams.

In this work, rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams were prepared by incorporating 2 wt% of eucalyptus fibers. The eucalyptus fibers were surface-modified by maleic anhydride, alkali, and silane (triphenylsilanol) treatment. The impact of the modified eucalyptus fibers on the mechanical, thermal, and fire performances of polyurethane foams was analyzed.

Calculation of Honeycomb Paperboard Resistance to Edge Crush Test.

The article presents the method of calculating the edge crush test ( of honeycomb paperboard. Calculations were made on the basis of mechanical properties of paper raw materials used for the production of cellular paperboard and geometrical parameters describing cellular paperboard. The presented method allows calculation of honeycomb paperboard in the main directions in the paperboard plane; i.