Evaluation of a Region-Wide Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program : A Pilot Cohort Study.

Background: Violent injury survivors are at risk for revictimization. The St. Louis area hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP), Life Outside of Violence (LOV), is the first multisystem, region-wide HVIP in the United States.

A case of postpartum dermatomyositis with onset at three months: expanding the clinical spectrum.

Introduction And Importance: Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disorder affecting all age groups, with a higher prevalence in women. Diagnosis typically occurs around age 40. Manifestation can be acute or chronic.

Infection and Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Presumably Related to Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy: Data From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Infection may trigger pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), notably when related to focal cerebral arteriopathy. Community- and individual-level nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a major decrease in pediatric viral infections. We explored the consequences on the incidence of PAIS.

Evaluation of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

Background: Research has shown that many physicians rely solely on abstracts to make clinical decisions. However, many abstracts have been shown to be misleading. The primary objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of spin - bias towards particular results - within the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses pertaining to the treatment of proximal humerus fractures, one of the most common osteoporotic fractures among elderly patients.

Team Approach: Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Ring Injuries.

A multidisciplinary approach to the management of pelvic ring injuries has been shown to decrease mortality rates. The primary goals within the emergency room are to assess, resuscitate, and stabilize the patient. The Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol guides the initial assessment of the patient.

Spinal cord injury after open and endovascular repair of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: A meta-analysis.

Objective: An inclusive contemporary analysis of spinal cord injury (SCI) rates in patients undergoing aneurysm repair and the factors associated with complications has not been performed.

Methods: Following a systematic literature search, studies from 2008 to 2018 on repair of descending thoracic aneurysm (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) were pooled in a meta-analysis performed using the generic inverse variance method. The primary outcome was permanent SCI.

Use and Utility of Skeletal Surveys to Evaluate for Occult Fractures in Young Injured Children.

Objective: To describe the percentage and characteristics of children aged <24 months with non-motor vehicle crash (MVC)-related injuries who undergo a skeletal survey and have occult fractures.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of a stratified, systematic random sample of 1769 children aged<24 months with non-MVC-related bruises, burns, fractures, abdominal injuries, and head injuries at 4 children's hospitals between 2008 and 2012. Sampling weights were assigned to each child to allow for representative hospital-level population estimates.

Mind-Wandering in People with Hippocampal Damage.

Subjective inner experiences, such as mind-wandering, represent the fundaments of human cognition. Although the precise function of mind-wandering is still debated, it is increasingly acknowledged to have influence across cognition on processes such as future planning, creative thinking, and problem-solving and even on depressive rumination and other mental health disorders. Recently, there has been important progress in characterizing mind-wandering and identifying the associated neural networks.

Assessing for Cardiotoxicity from Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants with Advanced Multimodality Imaging Techniques.

Background: High failure rates of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants prompted regulatory authorities to issue worldwide safety alerts. Circulating cobalt from these implants causes rare but fatal autopsy-diagnosed cardiotoxicity. There is concern that milder cardiotoxicity may be common and underrecognized.

Orthopaedic Trauma Care Capacity Assessment and Strategic Planning in Ghana: Mapping a Way Forward.

Background: Orthopaedic conditions incur more than 52 million disability-adjusted life years annually worldwide. This burden disproportionately affects low and middle-income countries, which are least equipped to provide orthopaedic care. We aimed to assess orthopaedic capacity in Ghana, describe spatial access to orthopaedic care, and identify hospitals that would most improve access to care if their capacity was improved.

Hippocampal Damage Increases Deontological Responses during Moral Decision Making.

Unlabelled: Complex moral decision making is associated with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in humans, and damage to this region significantly increases the frequency of utilitarian judgments. Since the vmPFC has strong anatomical and functional links with the hippocampus, here we asked how patients with selective bilateral hippocampal damage would derive moral decisions on a classic moral dilemmas paradigm. We found that the patients approved of the utilitarian options significantly less often than control participants, favoring instead deontological responses-rejecting actions that harm even one person.

The Impact of Michigan's Partial Repeal of the Universal Motorcycle Helmet Law on Helmet Use, Fatalities, and Head Injuries.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the partial repeal of Michigan's universal motorcycle helmet law on helmet use, fatalities, and head injuries.

Methods: We compared helmet use rates and motorcycle crash fatality risk for the 12 months before and after the April 13, 2012, repeal with a statewide police-reported crash data set. We linked police-reported crashes to injured riders in a statewide trauma registry.

Evaluation of articular cartilage progenitor cells for the repair of articular defects in an equine model.

Background: We sought to determine the effectiveness of chondroprogenitor cells derived from autologous and allogenic articular cartilage for the repair of cartilage defects in an equine model.

Methods: Cartilage defects (15 mm) were created on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur. The following experimental treatments were compared with empty-defect controls: fibrin only, autologous chondroprogenitor cells plus fibrin, and allogenic chondroprogenitor cells plus fibrin (n = 4 or 12 per treatment).

ACL Graft and Contralateral ACL Tear Risk within Ten Years Following Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft tear and contralateral ACL injury have devastating effects on patient outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Long-term results after ACL reconstruction are being reported with greater frequency, allowing a detailed analysis of the long-term risk of failure.

Methods: A systematic review of prospective studies that recorded the risk of ACL graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury following primary ACL reconstruction was performed.

Melatonin Plays a Role as a Mediator of Nocturnal Pain in Patients with Shoulder Disorders.

Background: Nocturnal pain is commonly observed in patients with shoulder disorders such as a rotator cuff tear or frozen shoulder. This study was conducted to explore the possibility that melatonin plays a role as a mediator of nocturnal pain in patients with a rotator cuff tear or frozen shoulder.

Methods: Subacromial bursa and joint capsule samples were collected from sixty-three patients: twenty-one patients with a rotator cuff tear, twenty-two with frozen shoulder, and twenty with shoulder instability (control group).

Staging of osteonecrosis of the jaw requires computed tomography for accurate definition of the extent of bony disease.

Management of osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with antiresorptive agents is challenging, and outcomes are unpredictable. The severity of disease is the main guide to management, and can help to predict prognosis. Most available staging systems for osteonecrosis, including the widely-used American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) system, classify severity on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings.

Lipoprotein receptors and lipid enzymes in hepatitis C virus entry and early steps of infection.

Viruses are obligate intracellular agents that depend on host cells for successful propagation, hijacking cellular machineries to their own profit. The molecular interplay between host factors and invading viruses is a continuous coevolutionary process that determines viral host range and pathogenesis. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a strictly human pathogen, causing chronic liver injuries accompanied by lipid disorders.

Data-driven quality improvement in the Emergency Department at a level one trauma and tertiary care hospital.

To demonstrate how a comprehensive and internally driven Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) program was designed and implemented in our Emergency Department (ED) in 1999. This program involved monthly data collection and analysis, data-driven process change, staff education in the core concepts of quality, and data reanalysis. Data components collected during the program included census data, physician profiling, and focused clinical audits.

What happens with failed blind nasal tracheal intubations?

Introduction: Flight nurses and paramedics may be called on to perform a blind nasal tracheal intubation (BNTI) as an airway management adjunct. A literature review found two publications addressing air medical BNTI failure rates. No studies examining demographic factors associated with BNTI failure rates nor published reports evaluating the failure rates of subsequent oral tracheal intubation (OTI) and cricothyroidotomy (cric) attempts after failed BNTI were found.