Self-Control Abilities in Specific Types of Problematic Usage of the Internet: Findings From Clinically Validated Samples With Neurocognitive Tasks.

Objective: Reduced cognitive functions are commonly associated with diminished self-control abilities. Research on cognitive functions in gaming disorder and other specific types of problematic usage of the Internet (PUI) remains rare. The aim of this study was to compare performance in different cognitive domains between clinically validated groups of individuals with and without specific PUI.

Biofeedback Training in Inpatient Mental Health Facilities: A Scoping Review.

: Biofeedback (BFB) has long been a successful treatment for various mental health disorders. The purpose of this scoping review is to investigate the implementation of BFB in inpatient treatment concepts for the therapy of mental health disorders. : Through a systematic search via Medline, PubMed, and the Web of Science, as well as a manual search in Google Scholar and reference lists, relevant articles published up to 30 December 2024 were identified.

CMRI-detected brain injuries and clinical key risk factors associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants.

Neurological impairment is high after preterm birth. This study evaluates the impact and interplay of cMRI-detected brain injuries (BI) and clinical risk factors on neurodevelopmental outcomes and extracts the most important key factors. A retrospective analysis was conducted on risk factors (perinatal/neonatal, cMRI-detected BI) for adverse motor (MO) and cognitive (CO) outcomes (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 24 months corrected age) in a tertiary center cohort (2009-2018) of very preterm infants (< 32 weeks of gestation) using uni-/multivariable regression models.

Gut microbiota deficiency reduces neutrophil activation and is protective after ischemic stroke.

Neutrophils are readily activated immune cells after ischemic stroke in mice and patients. Still, the impact of gut microbiota on neutrophil activation and its influence on inflammatory brain injury remain undefined. We report that natural microbiota colonization of germ-free (GF) mice induces substantial neutrophil activation and deteriorates stroke pathology.

Can bioelectrical impedance analysis be used to identify water loading in patients with anorexia nervosa?- Implications from experimental measurements in young, healthy, and normal weight women.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder, and patients with AN are characterized by a low body weight and a fear of gaining weight. Restoration of body weight to the normal range is one major treatment aim, which can be a challenging process for the patients. Hence, as a psychopathological symptom of AN, weight manipulations such as water loading before weighing are commonly observed in clinical routine.

Genome-wide association studies of binge eating behaviour and anorexia nervosa yield insights into the unique and shared biology of eating disorder phenotypes.

Eating disorders -including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder-are clinically distinct but exhibit symptom overlap and diagnostic crossover. Genomic analyses have mostly examined AN. We conducted the first genomic meta-analysis of binge eating behaviour (BE; 39,279 cases, 1,227,436 controls), alongside new analyses of AN (24,223 cases, 1,243,971 controls) and its subtypes (all European ancestries).

Synergistic Network Pharmacology: Preclinical Validation and Clinical Safety in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Most human disease definitions, except for rare and communicable diseases, are based on symptoms in specific organs, not on causal molecular mechanisms. This limits treatments to imprecise symptomatic approaches with high numbers needed to treat. Systems medicine, instead, has a holistic approach and defines diseases in an organ-agnostic manner on the basis of associated risk genes, their encoded proteins, and protein-protein interactions.

External validation of machine learning models-registered models and adaptive sample splitting.

Background: Multivariate predictive models play a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of complex biological systems and in developing innovative, replicable tools for translational medical research. However, the complexity of machine learning methods and extensive data preprocessing and feature engineering pipelines can lead to overfitting and poor generalizability. An unbiased evaluation of predictive models necessitates external validation, which involves testing the finalized model on independent data.

Impact of experimental inflammation on the neuronal processing of cardiac interoceptive signals and heart rate variability in humans.

Interoception, or the perception of internal somatic states, is crucial for signaling the individual to take care of the body when needed. It enables behavioral adaptations to sickness states, which further impact autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Whether acute inflammation affects interoceptive processing and how this relates to sickness behavior remains unknown.

Impact of bridging intravenous thrombolysis and infarct core growth rate on early neurological improvement in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke and mechanical thrombectomy.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), infarct core growth rate (ICGR) and their interaction on neurological outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO).MethodsPatients undergoing EVT due to anterior LVO (ICA to M2 branches) between 2018 and 2022 in a tertiary care center were included. Patient's baseline characteristics, peri-procedural factors of EVT and neurological outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.

Prior therapeutic experiences and treatment expectations are differentially associated with pain-related disability in individuals with chronic pain.

Many individuals suffering from chronic pain do not benefit sufficiently from treatment. Prior treatment experiences and treatment expectations play a significant role in perceived symptom severity and treatment-related outcomes in many chronic diseases. Their role in chronic pain, however, remains underexplored.

Respiratory biofeedback and psycho-education for patients with post COVID- 19 symptoms and bodily distress: study protocol of the randomized, controlled explorative intervention trial POSITIV.

Background: A high number of individuals report suffering from physical and psychological sequelae symptoms after COVID-19-the so-called post COVID-19 condition. Commonly reported complaints include physical symptoms such as fatigue, headache, attention and concentration deficits or dyspnea and anxiety, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, or depression. Evidence-based treatment recommendations are still lacking up to this point.

The genetic landscape of sporadic adult-onset degenerative ataxia: a multi-modal genetic study of 377 consecutive patients from the longitudinal multi-centre SPORTAX cohort.

Background: While most sporadic adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases have only a minor monogenic component, given several recently identified late adult-onset ataxia genes, the genetic burden may be substantial in sporadic adult-onset ataxias. We report systematic mapping of the genetic landscape of sporadic adult-onset ataxia in a well-characterised, multi-centre cohort, combining several multi-modal genetic screening techniques, plus longitudinal natural history data.

Methods: Systematic clinico-genetic analysis of a prospective longitudinal multi-centre cohort of 377 consecutive patients with sporadic adult-onset ataxia (SPORTAX cohort), including clinically defined sporadic adult-onset ataxia of unknown aetiology (SAOA) (n = 229) and 'clinically probable multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type' (MSA-C) (n = 148).

Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Incident Lung Cancer in a Population-based Cohort: The Screening Perspective.

Purpose To estimate the extent in which coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and incident lung cancer diagnosis are associated and determine if use of CAC score to predict lung cancer could improve lung cancer screening (LCS). Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis analyzed data from an ongoing, prospective, population-based cohort study (Heinz Nixdorf Recall study) in which participants aged 45-75 years underwent electron-beam CT of the heart. The association between CAC score and incident lung cancer was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

Relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), adverse childhood experiences and mental health in adulthood among transgender individuals.

Transgender individuals experience a high level of distress over the lifespan and are at a higher risk of experiencing mental health conditions. The present study mainly aimed to investigate the complex relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), adverse childhood experiences and mental health conditions in adulthood among transgender individuals. 220 participants completed an anonymous online study assessing sociodemographic and medical status, experience of childhood adversity (CTQ), EMSs (YSQ-S3), transgender specific quality of life (ETLI), current depression (PHQ-8), and generalised anxiety severity (GAD-7).

Testosterone affects female CD4+ T cells in healthy individuals and autoimmune liver diseases.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune liver diseases with strong female predominance. They are caused by T cell-mediated injury of hepatic parenchymal cells, but the mechanisms underlying this sex bias are unknown. Here, we investigated whether testosterone contributes to T cell activation in women with PBC.

Temporal Muscle Thickness as a Prognostic Marker in a Real-Life Cohort of Newly Diagnosed MGMT Promoter Methylated Glioblastoma: A Multicentric Imaging Analysis.

Introduction: Prior research has identified temporal muscle thickness (TMT) as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma. Nonetheless, implementation in daily clinical practice is complicated due to the heterogeneity of previous studies. We performed a multicentric analysis aiming to validate recently proposed sex-specific cutoff values using a homogeneous cohort of newly diagnosed MGMT promoter methylated glioblastoma patients; we included a balanced control cohort for comparison.

Toward the classification of social media use disorder: Clinical characterization and proposed diagnostic criteria.

Empirical studies and theoretical models highlight that problematic use of social media can lead to significant functional impairments in several domains, such as social, relational, occupational, and psychological functioning, as well as physical health. However, social media use disorder is not currently recognized as an official disorder in major diagnostic systems, limiting comparability among studies, precise prevalence estimation, and ad-hoc preventive and treatment program development. The present work aims to classify social media use disorder as a pathological condition sharing main mechanisms and maladaptive patterns with addictive behaviors.

Optimizing selectivity of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Scale by use of correction formulas, and validation of its German version.

Background: Cerebellar disease may result in Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS). The CCAS-Scale, designed to screen for CCAS, has been validated in English Hoche (Brain 141:248-270, 2018) and adapted to other languages.

Methods: Here, the German CCAS-Scale Thieme (Neurol Res Pract 2:39, 2020) was validated in 209 patients with cerebellar disorders and 232 healthy controls.

Glatiramer Acetate Modifies the Immune Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro Without Affecting Their Generation.

Glatiramer acetate (GA) is the first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and is increasingly demonstrating promising therapeutic benefits in a range of other conditions. Despite its extensive use, the precise pharmacological mechanism of GA remains unclear. In addition to T and B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes play significant roles in the neuroinflammation associated with MS, positioning them as potential initial targets for GA.

An Investigation of Corticospinal Tract Microstructural Integrity in ARSACS Using a Profilometry MRI Analysis: Results From the PROSPAX Study.

Background: Spasticity represents a core clinical feature of Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) patients. Nonetheless, its pathophysiological substrate is poorly investigated. We assessed the microstructural integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) using diffusion MRI (dMRI) via profilometry analysis to understand its possible role in the development of spasticity in ARSACS.

The probabilistic and dynamic nature of perception in human generalization behavior.

Generalization theories traditionally overlook how our mental representations dynamically change in the process of transferring learned knowledge to new contexts. We integrated perceptual and generalization theories into a computational model using data from 80 participants who underwent Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments. The model analyzed continuous measures of perception and fear generalization to understand their relationship.