Highly efficient visible light active ZnO/Cu-DPA composite photocatalysts for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with organic dye.

Industrial effluents are a leading major threat for water contamination, subsequently which results in severe health associated risks. Hence, purifying wastewater before releasing into the water resources is essential to avoid contamination. In this study, ZnO/Cu-DPA nano-composites were prepared by altering the percentage of Cu-DPA (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% which are denoted to be ZnO/20%Cu-DPA, ZnO/30%Cu-DPA, ZnO/40%Cu-DPA and ZnO/50%Cu-DPA) using a simple mechanical grinding process.

Reproductive performance of Horro and Horro-crossbred dairy cows in Ethiopia's subhumid tropical environments.

Estrus detection, timing of insemination, feeding, and health care practices are all factors that can significantly affect cattle breeding efficiency and lifetime production. In Ethiopia's subhumid environment, the age at first calving, number of days open, duration from calving to first heat, and number of services per conception are economic traits that affect reproductive performance of Horro and Horro-crossbred dairy cows. Data collected at Ethiopia's Bako Agricultural Research Center between 1980-2019 was used to study the reproductive performance of Horro and Horro-crosses with Holstein Friesian and Jersey dairy cows.

Substrate Optimization for Shiitake ( (Berk.) Pegler) Mushroom Production in Ethiopia.

Edible mushrooms are seen as a way of increasing dietary diversity and achieving food security in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to develop substrates using locally available agro-industrial by-products and animal manures to enhance the production of Shiitake () mushrooms in Ethiopia. The hypothesis was mushroom production on seven different substrates: 100% sugarcane bagasse (S1), 80% sugarcane bagasse, 20% cow dung (S2), horse manure (S3), chicken manure (S4), cottonseed hulls (S5), sugarcane filter cake (S6), and sugarcane trash (S7).

Harnessing genome-wide genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool.

Yanyang Liu, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HNAAS), China; Landraces are an important genetic source for transferring valuable novel genes and alleles required to enhance genetic variation. Therefore, information on the gene pool's genetic diversity and population structure is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of durum wheat genetic resources. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium, as well as to identify regions with selection signature.

Pre-calving energy density and rumen protected lysine impacted blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions in dairy cows during the transition period.

Dairy cows usually face negative energy balance and disorders of normal organ function due to a mismatch between energy intake and energy demand. Negative energy balance directly affects liver function and blood metabolites because the liver is used as source of energy supply and a center of metabolic activity. This study was aimed to determine the effect of pre-calving energy density and rumen-protected lysine on blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions in the dairy cows during the transition period.

Application of structural equation modelling to inform best management strategies for Marek's disease in Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Marek's disease, a highly contagious and an economically significant oncogenic and paralytic viral diseases of poultry, is becoming a serious problem in Ethiopia's poultry sector. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between risk factors and their contribution to develop risk with the intentions to implement MD control measures in the different chicken production systems of Ethiopia using the SEM framework. A questionnaire was designed based on the framework and each model constructed was measured using a set of rating scale items.

High-density DArTSeq SNP markers revealed wide genetic diversity and structured population in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Common bean is one of the widely consumed food security crop in Africa, Asia, and South America. Understanding genetic diversity and population structure is crucial for designing breeding strategies.

Materials: Two hundred and eighty-nine germplasm were recently collected from different regions of Ethiopia and introduced from CIAT to estimate genetic diversity and population structure using 11,480 DArTSeq SNP markers.

Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat ( L. ssp. , Desf) Germplasm as Revealed by Morphological and SSR Markers.

Ethiopia is considered a center of origin and diversity for durum wheat and is endowed with many diverse landraces. This research aimed to estimate the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in Ethiopian durum wheat germplasm. Thus, 104 durum wheat genotypes representing thirteen populations, three regions, and four altitudinal classes were investigated for their genetic diversity, using 10 grain quality- and grain yield-related phenotypic traits and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) makers.

Hiding in plain sight: Genome-wide recombination and a dynamic accessory genome drive diversity in f.sp. .

Understanding the origins of variation in agricultural pathogens is of fundamental interest and practical importance, especially for diseases that threaten food security. is among the most important of soil-borne pathogens, with a global distribution and an extensive host range. The pathogen is considered to be asexual, with horizontal transfer of chromosomes providing an analog of assortment by meiotic recombination.

Genome analyses reveal population structure and a purple stigma color gene candidate in finger millet.

Finger millet is a key food security crop widely grown in eastern Africa, India and Nepal. Long considered a 'poor man's crop', finger millet has regained attention over the past decade for its climate resilience and the nutritional qualities of its grain. To bring finger millet breeding into the 21 century, here we present the assembly and annotation of a chromosome-scale reference genome.

Method optimization for the determinations of selected phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of wild Ethiopian fruit and seed under different drying conditions.

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA), antioxidant activities/the half maximal effective concentration (EC50), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Ethiopian wild fruit and seed processed under different drying conditions. The optimizations of the UAE methods for the determination of AA, antioxidant activities (EC50 values), TPC, and TFC were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction time of 15 min, the temperature of 35 °C, extraction solvent composition (methanol:water) of 75 to 25%, and solid-to-solvent ratios of 1:15 w/v were the optimum independent parameters.

Targeted HPTLC Profile, Quantification of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids, and Antimicrobial Activity of (L.f.) Leaves and Flowers.

In East Africa, (L.f.) is a well-known medicinal herb.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms within exon four of the prolactin gene and their effect on milk traits in cattle populations of Ethiopia.

Bovine () gene is essential for the initiation and maintenance of lactation and exerts multiple effects on mammary alveoli to promote the synthesis and secretion of major components of milk. The objectives of this study were to identify mutations in gene and to evaluate the mutations as potential markers of milk performance traits in cattle populations of Ethiopia. For this purpose, genomic DNA from whole blood was extracted through salting out procedure from 87 animals of five cattle populations of Ethiopia.

Marker-trait association analyses revealed major novel QTLs for grain yield and related traits in durum wheat.

The growing global demand for wheat for food is rising due to the influence of population growth and climate change. The dissection of complex traits by employing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) allows the identification of DNA markers associated with complex traits to improve the productivity of crops. We used GWAS with 10,045 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to search for genomic regions associated with grain yield and related traits based on diverse panels of Ethiopian durum wheat.

Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Aerial Part of (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don): Anti-Shigellosis Activity and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies.

Shigellosis is one of the major causes of death in children worldwide. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are expected to demonstrate anti-shigellosis activity and anti-diarrheal properties. The aerial part of is commonly used against diarrhea.

Evaluation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) in multi-environment trials using enhanced statistical models.

Spatial variation and genotype by environment (GxE) interaction are common in varietal selection field trials and pose a significant challenge for plant breeders when comparing the genetic potential of different varieties. Efficient statistical methods must be employed for the evaluation of finger millet breeding trials to accurately select superior varieties that contribute to agricultural productivity. The objective of this study was to improve selection strategies in finger millet breeding in Ethiopia through modeling of spatial field trends and the GxE interaction.

Estimation of nonadditive and additive genetic effects on growth traits of Horro cattle.

The estimation of nonadditive genetic effects plays a significant role in the accuracy of estimated breeding values for growth traits. Data for estimation of individual and maternal heterosis of crossbreed cattle in Ethiopia are limited to research institutions and universities. This paper aimed to estimate the crossbreeding effects for growth traits of Holstein Friesian × Horro and Jersey × Horro crossbreds in Ethiopia.

Evaluation of quality and antimicrobial efficacy of locally manufactured alcohol-based hand sanitizers marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the era of COVID-19.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading across the globe since the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the disease outbreak as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Hand hygiene, via either regular handwashing with soap and water or using hand sanitizers, is among the various measures that need to be followed to control the outbreak of the disease. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) are the "gold standard" for hand disinfection because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity, easy availability, better safety profile, and general acceptability to users.

Diversity of Culturable Alkaliphilic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria from a Soda Lake in the East African Rift Valley.

Lake Chitu is a highly productive soda lake found in the East African Rift Valley, where () is the main primary producer. High biomass accumulation requires an adequate supply of nitrogen. However, Lake Chitu is a closed system without any external nutrient input.

Pregnancy stage-dependent modulation of neutrophil function may impact embryo survivability and pregnancy outcome in crossbred cows.

Pregnancy is a complicated physiological process that involves synchronized coordination between immune and endocrine systems. Neutrophils have been suggested as a critical immune cell for embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the dynamic changes in the mRNA expressions of the cluster of designation (CD11b, CD31, CD44 and CD62L) molecules and interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, MX1 and OAS1) in blood neutrophils throughout pregnancy in dairy cows and correlate them with the outcome of pregnancy.

Genetic diversity of DGAT1 gene linked to milk production in cattle populations of Ethiopia.

Background: Diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has become a promising candidate gene for milk production traits because of its important role as a key enzyme in catalyzing the final step of triglyceride synthesis. Thus use of bovine DGAT1 gene as milk production markers in cattle is well established. However, there is no report on polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in Ethiopian cattle breeds.