Designing the cavity architecture in double gate junctionless field effect transistors for enhanced biomolecule detection.

This study has investigated double-gate junctionless field effect transistor (DG-JLFET) designs with different cavity configurations and assessed their impact on biosensing performance. Through simulations and analysis of the electrical properties, this study has identified structures that significantly enhance biosensing performance compared to traditional DG-JLFETs. Different cavity architectures have been simulated and evaluated using key biosensing metrics, including the threshold voltage, change in threshold voltage, percentage change in threshold voltage, change in the minimum point of surface potential, ratio, and sensitivity.

Reducing emissions and air pollution from informal brick kilns: Evidence from Bangladesh.

We present results from a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh that introduced operational practices to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions in 276 "zigzag" brick kilns. Of all intervention kilns, 65% adopted the improved practices. Treatment assignment reduced energy use by 10.

Draft genome sequence of XDR strain NGCRVN-08 isolated from diarrheal patient in Bangladesh.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain NGCRVN-08, isolated from a stool sample of a diarrheal patient in Bangladesh. Most notably, this strain harbors an extensive array of antibiotic resistance genes spanning eight major drug classes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and multiple aminoglycoside resistance determinants.

Quantum dot-based non-volatile memory: a comprehensive outlook.

With the rise of digital technology, the use of memory devices is swiftly expanding, and this trend is expected to continue in the forthcoming years. Accordingly, researchers are exploring materials that surpass the performance of those used in traditional memory devices, and notably, there is a considerable interest in quantum dots (QDs). This is primarily due to the fact that quantum dots possess exceptional optical and electric properties.

Revealing water structure modification by a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor-type antidiabetic drug with D-(+)-glucose in aqueous media.

In this work, volumetric, acoustic, viscometric, and photon correlation spectroscopic studies of an antidiabetic drug, ertugliflozin L-pyroglutamic acid (E.L-PGA) have been performed in aqueous medium in absence and presence of D-(+)-glucose. E.

Efficient Cr (VI) removal from tannery wastewater using Co-Zn ferrite-modified water hyacinth biochar: mechanisms and optimization.

Chromium contamination from tannery effluents significantly threatens environmental sustainability and public health. This study aims to develop a Co-Zn ferrite-incorporated water hyacinth biochar (Co-ZnF@WHB) for efficient Cr (VI) removal from contaminated water. The biochar was synthesized through pyrolysis of water hyacinth steam at 450 ⁰C, followed by HNO₃ activation to enhance surface functionality.

DeepRNA-Twist: language-model-guided RNA torsion angle prediction with attention-inception network.

RNA torsion and pseudo-torsion angles are critical in determining the three-dimensional conformation of RNA molecules, which in turn governs their biological functions. However, current methods are limited by RNA's structural complexity as well as flexibility, with experimental techniques being costly and computational approaches struggling to capture the intricate sequence dependencies needed for accurate predictions. To address these challenges, we introduce DeepRNA-Twist, a novel deep learning framework designed to predict RNA torsion and pseudo-torsion angles directly from sequence.

Eco-Friendly Biomass-Based Carbon Dots, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Their Derivatives for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A New Horizon for Petroleum Industry.

Oil extraction from reservoirs has never been easy, particularly when easily accessible oil sources run out. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a dynamic area of petroleum engineering that seeks to maximize the quantity of crude oil that can be retrieved from an oil field. Researchers and oil producers have emphasized assessing tertiary-stage recovery approaches, such as chemical EOR (CEOR), due to the problems posed by the diverse carbonate rocks.

Indoor fire and smoke detection based on optimized YOLOv5.

Ensuring safety and safeguarding indoor properties require reliable fire detection methods. Traditional detection techniques that use smoke, heat, or fire sensors often fail due to false positives and slow response time. Existing deep learning-based object detectors fall short of improved accuracy in indoor settings and real-time tracking, considering the dynamic nature of fire and smoke.

A novel integration of Hodrick-Prescott filter (Hp-filter) and wavelet transform (WT) with optimize support vector machine (PSO-SVM) in predicting solar radiation.

Previous research has shown that predicting solar radiation is a challenging issue due to highly nonlinear and noisy climate data. Various hybrid approaches have been applied earlier for solar radiation prediction, which integrates the Wavelet Transform with various Machine Learning models. This research, therefore, intends to further improve the performance of these existing hybrid models.

Hydrothermal ZnO Nanomaterials: Tailored Properties and Infinite Possibilities.

This review presents a comprehensive and precise summary of the hydrothermal synthesis and morphology control of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials, the advantages of hydrothermal synthesis, and the wide range of applications. ZnO nanomaterials have garnered significant attention in recent years for their diverse applications across various industries owing to their unique properties and versatility, with practical applications in healthcare, cosmetics, textiles, automotive, and other sectors. Specifically, the ability of ZnO-based nanomaterials to promote the production of reactive oxygen species, release of Zn ions, and induce cell apoptosis makes them well-suited for bio-medicinal applications such as cancer treatment and microorganism control.

Developing a real-time hand-gesture recognition technique for wheelchair control.

At present, significant number of people in the world are having motor disabilities. They need to use wheelchair for performing regular movements and activities. However, there are a lot of issues and challenges in using the conventional wheelchairs.

Fly ash pollution causes morpho-anatomical and biochemical changes in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes L: demonstrating stress-tolerant activity.

This study aims to explore the impact of fly ash (FA) on two types of free-floating aquatic plants, Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, growing in two different locations. The stress caused by FA has led to a significant biochemical alteration in several leaf properties, including ascorbic acid, relative water, and chlorophyll, as well as anatomical changes in leaf, petiole, and stolon in the growing plants at highly contaminated sites (HCS) relative to the low contaminated site (LCS). According to the study, HCS plants lose total chlorophyll overall, have shallower ascorbic acid levels, and have higher RWC than LCS plants.

Molecular transport through nano-sized multipores of lipid vesicles: a COMSOL simulation study.

Biomembranes regulate molecular transport essential to cellular function and numerous biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. This study simulates molecular transport through nano-sized multipores in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) using COMSOL Multiphysics. We analyzed the diffusion dynamics of fluorescent probes-including Calcein, Texas-red dextran 3000 (TRD- 3k), TRD- 10k, and Alexa Fluor-labeled soybean trypsin inhibitor (AF-SBTI)-across different pore sizes, and derived rate constants using curve fitting that closely align with experimental data.

Dynamically Tunable Magnon-Magnon Coupling in a Perpendicular Anisotropy Magnetic Garnet-Ferromagnet Bilayer.

We experimentally explore the interfacial coherent spin pumping in the magnon-magnon hybridized regime of a perpendicular anisotropy ferrimagnetic insulator (Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet, or BiYIG) and ferromagnetic metal (permalloy, or Py) bilayer. In addition to the interfacial exchange coupling-induced avoided crossings between the uniform modes of BiYIG and Py, we observe that the gap opening can be tailored by changing the relative orientations of the BiYIG and Py magnetizations due to a purely dynamic interaction. The avoided-crossing gap opening is small (large) when BiYIG and Py magnetizations are nearly perpendicular (partially collinear) to each other, indicating that interfacial fieldlike torque from spin pumping plays a dominant role.

Retraction notice to "Ionanofluid flow through a triangular grooved microchannel heat sink: Thermal heightening" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e18938].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

TransBind allows precise detection of DNA-binding proteins and residues using language models and deep learning.

Identifying DNA-binding proteins and their binding residues is critical for understanding diverse biological processes, but conventional experimental approaches are slow and costly. Existing machine learning methods, while faster, often lack accuracy and struggle with data imbalance, relying heavily on evolutionary profiles like PSSMs and HMMs derived from multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). These dependencies make them unsuitable for orphan proteins or those that evolve rapidly.

A simplified framework for assessing waste prevention and minimisation in developing countries within the context of CE, SDGs and ESG principles.

Waste minimisation and prevention are crucial for the circular economy (CE), sustainable development goals (SDGs) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles, focusing on waste elimination and resource efficiency. However, there are significant gaps in implementing effective waste minimisation strategies, mainly due to the lack of standardised waste prevention terminologies and indicators. This article introduces a novel simplified and comprehensive framework for assessing waste prevention and minimisation measures tailored to developing countries.

Thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) to fabricate chitosan/pectin based absorbent macroporous sponge with tranexamic acid for stable hemostasis.

Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the major causes of death in military and civilian trauma. Hence, designing a hemostatic agent that ensures safety, quality, and efficiency to stop bleeding is a challenging research area. Although many commercial agents focus on instant blood clotting, the issue of intrinsic coagulation followed by blood clot stabilization is ignored.

Tailoring adversarial attacks on deep neural networks for targeted class manipulation using DeepFool algorithm.

The susceptibility of deep neural networks (DNNs) to adversarial attacks undermines their reliability across numerous applications, underscoring the necessity for an in-depth exploration of these vulnerabilities and the formulation of robust defense strategies. The DeepFool algorithm by Moosavi-Dezfooli et al. (2016) represents a pivotal step in identifying minimal perturbations required to induce misclassification of input images.

wQFM-TREE: highly accurate and scalable quartet-based species tree inference from gene trees.

Motivation: methods are becoming increasingly popular for species tree estimation from multi-locus data in the presence of gene tree discordance. Accurate Species TRee Algorithm (ASTRAL), a leading method in this class, solves the Maximum Quartet Support Species Tree problem within a constrained solution space, while heuristics like Weighted Quartet Fiduccia-Mattheyses (wQFM) and Weighted Quartet MaxCut (wQMC) use weighted quartets and a divide-and-conquer strategy. Recent studies showed wQFM to be more accurate than ASTRAL and wQMC, though its scalability is hindered by the computational demands of explicitly generating and weighting quartets.

A general simulation-based study on printability of inks in direct ink writing.

Direct ink writing (DIW)-based 3D printing process has gained significant attention due to its ability to accommodate versatile ink materials. However, the most challenging aspect of DIW is the development of inks with suitable printability. To address this, we demonstrate a numerical approach using the finite element method (FEM) to model the printability of inks.

Recent advances of silver nanoparticle-based polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

Silver nanoparticle-polymer nanocomposites (AgNP-PNCs) represent a transformative advancement in biomedical material science, integrating the potent antimicrobial properties of AgNPs with the structural versatility of polymer matrices. This synergy enables enhanced infection control, mechanical stability, and controlled drug delivery, making these nanocomposites highly suitable for applications such as wound healing, medical coatings, tissue engineering, and biosensors. Recent progress in synthesis and functionalization has led to greater control over particle morphology, dispersion, and stability, optimizing AgNP-PNCs for clinical and translational applications.

Artificial intelligence-based risk assessment tools for sexual, reproductive and mental health: a systematic review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI), which emulates human intelligence through knowledge-based heuristics, has transformative impacts across various industries. In the global healthcare sector, there is a pressing need for advanced risk assessment tools due to the shortage of healthcare workers to manage the health needs of the growing population effectively. AI-based tools such as triage systems, symptom checkers, and risk prediction models are poised to democratize healthcare.

Sustainable Biopolymer Colloids: Advances in Morphology for Enhanced Functionalities.

Biobased polymers such as cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, alginate, and lignin are making inroads as sustainable, environmentally safe and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic colloidal materials. This perspective summarizes recent developments in preparation techniques, identifies critical barriers, and proposes future directions for improving the performance and applicability of biopolymer colloidal structures. A major focus is the sustainable colloids morphology as a means of introducing functionality without chemical modification.