Outbreak Caused by VIM-1- and VIM-4-Positive in a Hospital in Zagreb.

Background/objectives: is a frequent causative agent of urinary and wound infections in both community and hospital settings. It develops resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (p-AmpCs). Recently, carbapenem-resistant isolates of emerged due to the production of carbapenemases, mostly belonging to Ambler classes B and D.

First Report of CTX-M-32 and CTX-M-101 in from Zagreb, Croatia.

Background/objectives: is a frequent causative agent of urinary tract and wound infections in community and hospital settings. It develops resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (p-AmpC). Here, we report the characteristics of ESBLs and p-AmpC β-lactamases encountered among hospital and community isolates of in two hospitals and the community settings in Zagreb, Croatia.

Characterization of Isolates Resistant to Cefiderocol from Hospitals and Outpatient Settings in Croatia.

Background/objectives: We conducted this study to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) isolates, exhibiting resistance to cefiderocol (FDC), focusing on antibiotic susceptibility, β-lactamase production, the genetic environment of and genes and molecular epidemiology. FDC is now a last-line antibiotic for severe infections due to CRKP.

Methods: Susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion and broth microdilution method.

Evolution of Beta-Lactamases in Urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Croatia; from Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases to Carbapenemases and Colistin Resistance.

K. pneumoniae isolates often harbor various antibiotic resistance determinants including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (p-Amp-C) and carbapenemases. In this study we analyzed 65 K.

Diffusion of OXA-48 carbapenemase among urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in non-hospitalized elderly patients.

Background: Recently, a dramatic increase of Klebsiella pneumoniae positive for OXA-48 β-lactamases was observed first in the hospital setting and later in the long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and community in the Zagreb County, particularly, in urinary isolates. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiology and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of OXA-48 carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated from urine of non-hospitalized elderly patients.

Epidemiology of colistin-resistant, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Croatia.

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance has been emerging and multiple outbreaks have been reported in Europe and elsewhere. It has been most frequently reported in carbapenem-resistant K.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid diversity in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli in Croatia: a nation-wide, multicentric, retrospective study.

In recent years, a dramatic increase in the prevalence of Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has been observed - both in the community and in healthcare settings. This multicentric study aimed to characterize ESBLs produced by E. coli isolates causing hospital-onset and community urinary tract infections, as well as to compare their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns, β-lactamase content and plasmid types.

Epidemic spread of OXA-48 beta-lactamase in Croatia.

Purpose: A dramatic increase in OXA-48 β-lactamase was observed recently not only in large hospital centres, but also in smaller suburban hospital centres in geographic areas bordering Croatia. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiology, the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and the routes of spread of OXA-48 carbapenemase in Croatia.

Methods: Carbapenemase and other β-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes were detected by PCR and sequencing.

Systemic impact molds mesenchymal stromal/stem cell aging.

Aging is associated with an accruing emergence of non-functional tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) bring forth progenitors with multi-lineage differentiation potential, yet, they also exhibit anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Due to aging, altered tissue microenvironments constrict controlled stem cell proliferation and progenitor differentiation, thus diminishing the fitness of MSC.