Photocatalytic innovations in environmental remediation: mechanisms, materials, and challenges for persistent organic pollutant removal.

POPs (POPs), including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals, pose severe environmental and health risks due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. While conventional methods like adsorption and biological treatment are widely used, their inefficiency in mineralizing POPs and generating secondary waste has driven interest in AOPs, particularly photocatalysis. This review examines recent advancements in photocatalytic materials and mechanisms for POP degradation, focusing on semiconductors such as TiO₂, doped catalysts, and visible-light-active composites.

Coupled DFT and SCAPS-1D investigation of a novel small-molecule for organic solar cells.

Herein, we theoretically developed and studied a novel small-molecule donor, SA1, a phenazine-based derivative, for organic solar cells (OSCs). Density functional theory (DFT) analysis was performed to optimize its electronic and molecular characteristics, which were then employed as input parameters for solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) calculations to explore the photovoltaic properties of the OSC. The SA1 structure incorporated a thieno[3,2-]thiophene bonded with thioxothiazolidin-4-one as an electron-rich part to improve the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, while a dibenzo[,]phenazine core operated as a weak electron-acceptor part to enhance the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level.

Molecular Characterization of Virus: Identification of a Putative New Clade Through Gene Analysis in Diyala Province, Iraq.

This research concentrated on the molecular diagnosis of (MC) in clinically suspected individuals from Diyala Province, Iraq, through the identification of the gene in skin tissue samples between October 2020 and April 2021. A total of 101 skin lesion samples were collected from patients suspected of MC infection, ranging in age from 5 months to 60 years and including both males and females. Samples were gathered from Baquba Teaching Hospital, the dermatology clinic, and multiple basic healthcare centers, where a tailored questionnaire was developed to capture sociodemographic and clinical details.

Perpendicular sheet-like alignment of a self-driven MoS/Si heterostructure for Vis-NIR wavelength detection.

In this article, a self-powered heterostructure based on perpendicularly aligned n-MoS/p-Si was fabricated for Vis-NIR wavelength detection. In particular, MoS sheet-like morphology was attained hydrothermal treatment at two crystallization temperatures (180 °C and 240 °C). The average thicknesses of the sheet-like structures were 85 and 45 nm for samples treated at 180 °C and 240 °C, respectively.

Data-driven framework for prediction of mechanical properties of waste glass aggregates concrete.

This research presents a novel data-driven framework for predicting the mechanical properties of waste glass aggregate concrete using six advanced metaheuristic optimization algorithms: Bat Algorithm (Bat), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (Cuckoo), Elephant Herding Optimization (Elephant), Firefly Algorithm (Firefly), Rhinoceros Optimization Algorithm (Rhino), and Gray Wolf Optimizer (Wolf). The study evaluates these models based on their ability to predict compressive strength (Fc), tensile strength (Ft), density, and slump using key statistical performance indicators such as SSE, MAE, MSE, RMSE, accuracy, R, and KGE. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using Hoffman and Gardener's method as well as the SHAP technique to determine the most influential parameter in the prediction process.

Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics Enabled by Molecular Bridging at the SnO/Perovskite Interface.

The contact at the interface of the perovskite and the electron transport layer is critical in determining the efficiency and durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The nonuniformity of the carrier significantly influences the carrier transport mechanisms at the buried interface. In order to tackle this issue, a bridging molecule, (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid (AEP), is utilized for the modulation of the tin oxide (SnO)/perovskite buried interface in a typical PSC.

Fast-response self-powered double-heterojunction n-ZnO/p-ZnTe/n-Si photodetector.

This study elucidates a novel, fast-response, self-driven double-heterojunction (n-ZnO/p-ZnTe/n-Si) photodetector fabricated the rapid pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The proposed geometry exhibits dual-responsive behavior under ultraviolet (375 nm) and visible (530 nm) incident wavelengths due to the heterojunctions (n-ZnO/p-ZnTe/Si and p-ZnTe/n-Si). Under a 0.

Silver Nanoparticles as Antibacterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Simulations Against β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter and Salmonella spp.

Multidrug resistance poses a threat to public health all over the world. Evidences suggest that third-generation antibiotic resistance mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in all Enterobacteriaceae species, especially in Enterobacter and Salmonella. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and characterized using sol-gel synthesis and powder X-ray diffraction.

Exploring the influence of M-anion modifications on the physical properties of lead-free novel halide inorganic compounds BaMCl (M = N, P, As, Sb).

This study investigates the effects of M-anion modifications on lead-free halide inorganic compounds, specifically BaMCl (M = N, P, As, Sb), using DFT and SCAPS-1D software. It focuses on analyzing their optical, electronic, and structural properties. The lattice parameters for BaMCl were found to be = 6.

Investigation and analysis of the proton-induced reactions on Cu, Cu, and Cu to produce Zn radioisotopes for medical applications.

The phenomenological and microscopic level density models were utilized within the TALYS 2.0 software to simulate the cross-sections of proton-induced reactions on both natural and enriched copper. This process resulted in the production of the zinc radioisotopes Zn, Zn, and Zn, which hold significance in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine.

Study of Molecular Interactions, Optical, and Structural Properties through the Green Synthesis of Selenium Oxide Nanoparticles from : Biocompatibility for Biophysics.

Background: Recently, the green synthesis process has been utilized to manufacture a large quantity of metal nanocrystallites due to its low cost and the availability of numerous natural resources and the find the activity of bacteria and viruses that in the body of humans.

Aims And Objectives: In this study, nanocrystallites of selenium oxide were produced utilizing . Researchers have analyzed the antibacterial properties and nanostructure characteristics of selenium oxide nanocrystallites using various techniques methods, such as imaging microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‒visible spectroscopy (UV‒VIS), transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy.

Low progesterone levels and their role in the co-existence of polycystic ovary syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive analysis among Iraqi patient.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a low-grade and chronic inflammation defined by irregular hormonal status that primarily triggers females in their reproductive age. Multi cysts are a primary manifestation of PCOS; a high level of androgen production characterizes the condition via ovaries. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, and symmetrical inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects 1-2 % of adults.

Asprosin is a Reliable Predictor of Osteoporosis in Type 2 Diabetic Postmenopausal Women: A Case-Control Study.

The study evaluates Asprosin's value in diabetic postmenopausal women, examining its reliability as a predictor for osteoporosis (OP) in the second type of diabetes (T2D) women. A case-control study recruited 255 postmenopausal women attending the geriatric department of the University Hospital. They were grouped into controls (non-OP non-T2D), and study cases.

Boosting Efficiency in Carbon Nanotube-Integrated Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Carbon nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide) have potential applications for optoelectronics, thanks to their superior electronic and optical characteristics. The remarkable stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted significant attention. Herein, a fluorine-doped carbon nanotube (F-CNT) is incorporated into the PSCs as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) in between methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI) and the rear electrode to develop an effective MAPbI/HTL interface.

Organ-specific renal tissue damage manifested by single-walled carbon-nanotubes and single-walled carbon-nanotubes-silver-titania nanocomposite: Cellular toxicity at high doses.

Background: Single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can pose risks in biological systems leading to harmful effects, such as, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately, the cell death through apoptosis.

Objectives: The study assessed the nephrotoxicity of the SWCNTs and SWCNTs-Ag-TiO nanocomposites through in vitro and in vivo experiments, assessing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and safety for biomedical applications.

Methodology: In vitro, HK-2 cell lines were utilized to evaluate the effects of nanomaterials on cellular activity, apoptosis, ROS generation, and micronuclei formations.

Optimizing the optoelectronic properties of broadband FeS/Si photodetectors deposition temperature tuning in chemical bath deposition.

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of n-FeS/p-Si heterojunction photodetectors using chemical bath deposition (CBD) at deposition temperatures ranging from 50 °C to 80 °C. The impact of temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of FeS thin films was evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed polycrystalline cubic FeS with improved crystallinity as the deposition temperature increased.

Opto-electrical evaluation of visible blind fast-response nanostructured SnO/Si photodetector.

In this study, a nanostructured tin(iv) oxide (SnO)/Si heterojunction UV photodetector was fabricated in response to laser pulses attained pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In particular, the photo-detection mechanisms of the proposed devices were thoroughly investigated considering multiple-profile dependency, namely, laser pulses, spectral response, and incident power. In detail, particle diameters of 25 and 41 nm with a bandgap alteration of 0.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models for Punching Shear Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using a Gradient-Boosted Regression Tree.

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are increasingly being used as a composite material in concrete slabs due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to corrosion. However, FRP-reinforced concrete slabs, similar to traditional systems, are susceptible to punching shear failure, a critical design concern. Existing empirical models and design provisions for predicting the punching shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete slabs often exhibit significant bias and dispersion.

Addition of silver nanoparticles to the zinc ferrite/polyaniline composition for boosting its visible photocatalytic degradation.

Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnFeO with a good energy band gap to degrade industrial waste under sunlight illumination can help to develop green environments. Here, to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnFeO ferrites, they were merged with polyaniline (PAni) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles to synthesize Ag@ZnFeO-PAni plasmonic nanostructures. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized using a series of advanced characterization techniques to confirm successful formation and investigate photocatalytic improvement origins.

Fabrication and Enhanced Performance Evaluation of TiO@Zn/Al-LDH for DSSC Application: The Influence of Post-Processing Temperature.

A sequence of dye-sensitized solar cells is proposed, utilizing TiO@Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) as their starting materials, in which Ruthenizer N719 was used as a photon absorber. The anticipated system was turned into sheet-like TiO@mixed metal oxide (MMO) via post-processing treatment. The crystal quality indicated a relation to power conversion efficiency (PCE); this was combined with a comparable morphology profile.