Spatial prediction of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic urban area of Brazil.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a widespread zoonotic disease in Brazil. This study aimed to identify and predict spatial patterns of CVL in an endemic city, Votuporanga, and examine disease associations with key environmental and anthropogenic factors at a fine spatial scale. First, we estimated the spatial clustering of CVL cases relative to non-cases from 8,146 dogs.

Unveiling the Genomic Landscape of G2P[6] Rotavirus a Strains in Brazil: Evolutionary and Epidemiological Perspectives.

In Brazil, molecular surveillance expanded after Rotarix™ vaccine introduction, alongside G2P[4] dominance. The G2P[6] genotype, despite sharing the same DS-1-like constellation as G2P[4] strains, remains rare. This retrospective study analyzed eight Brazilian G2P[6] strains (2012-2014) through RT-PCR and 11-segments sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis.

Natural products eugenol and cinnamaldehyde as potential therapeutic alternatives against Candida auris infections.

Aims: Candida auris has been reported on all continents, becoming a global threat due to high levels of resistance to all antifungal classes. In addition, this pathogen has lower susceptibility to disinfectants used in hospitals, favoring its stay in such environments. Evaluate the action of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde against Candida auris.

Formyl Peptide Receptors 1 and 2: Essential for Immunomodulation of Crotoxin in Human Macrophages, Unrelated to Cellular Entry.

Crotoxin (CTX), the main toxin in venom, is a heterodimeric complex known for its antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. In macrophages, CTX stimulates energy metabolism, pro-inflammatory cytokines, superoxide production, and lipoxin A secretion while inhibiting macrophage spreading and phagocytosis. These effects are completely blocked by Boc-2, a selective formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) antagonist.

Geospatial technologies for targeting priority areas on surveillance and response of visceral leishmaniasis in São Paulo state, Brazil: embracing a One Health integrative approach.

Background: In 2023, Brazil accounted for 93.5% of the reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Latin America. This study, employing a One Health approach aims: i) to analyse the spatial distribution of VL using integrated geospatial methods, ii) the temporal trend of VL to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of cases, and iii) identify spatial clusters of municipalities with heightened environmental vulnerability to prioritise surveillance and control efforts for VL in São Paulo state, Brazil.

Should We Advance Our Understanding of Immunoglobulin E in Viral Immunity?

Immunoglobulin E has been extensively studied in allergies and parasitic diseases. However, antigen-specific IgE has been identified as part of the humoral response to some viruses, including Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human rhinovirus (HRV), Influenza, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Dengue virus (DENV) and SARS-CoV-2. In this brief article, we have reviewed key aspects of IgE function and structure, and summarised the findings about this antibody in virus-specific immune response.

Burkholderia cepacia ST 767 causing a three-year nosocomial outbreak in a hemodialysis unit.

Background: The risk of bloodstream infections increases in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, primarily due to water contamination or improper handling during dialyzer reprocessing. This study aimed to identify virulence factors and gather epidemiological data on the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), isolated from water and blood cultures during an outbreak in a hemodialysis unit.

Methods: We analyzed 33 Bcc isolates from blood cultures of patients with bacteremia undergoing hemodialysis and 24 isolates from water samples collected between 2019 and 2022.

Profile of Salmonella Isolates in Bullfrog Production: PFGE, MLST, and Antimicrobial Resistance.

The continued development of bullfrog farming holds great potential for expansion. However, these animals serve as reservoirs for various pathogens, including Salmonella, posing a risk to food safety and public health. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to identify potential sources of Salmonella contamination in a bullfrog production facility in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by characterizing isolates through Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and antimicrobial resistance profiling.

Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) Detection in Different Species of Culicids Collected During an Outbreak in Southeastern Brazil, 2016-2019.

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an endemic arbovirus in parts of Africa and the Americas. In Brazil, following the eradication of the urban transmission cycle, YFV is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving several species of neotropical primates and mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes, which serve as primary and secondary vectors, respectively. During the 2016-2019 outbreak in São Paulo State, a total of 3731 mosquito pools were collected from sites with ongoing epizootic events in 192 municipalities.

Concurrent Circulation of Viral Agents in Pediatric Patients Presenting with Respiratory Illness and Diarrheal Symptoms in Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2021.

Pneumonia and diarrhea are the leading causes of death in children under 5 globally, worsened by viral infections. This study investigates viral agents in children ≤ 3 years with respiratory illness and diarrhea in Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, during spring 2021. Twenty paired samples (oropharyngeal swab and feces) were tested using in-house qPCR for HBoV and HAdV, RT-qPCR for RVA, EV, PeV-A, and NoV, and a commercial RT-qPCR kit for SARS-CoV-2, Flu A/B, and RSV.

Dogs and cats naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in zoonoses surveillance units from coastal regions of Brazil.

The Trypanosomatidae family includes protozoa of broad medical and veterinary interest that infect various vertebrates, including humans, and use a range of insects as vector agents. The genus Trypanosoma includes Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the etiological agent of Chagas disease, which infects humans and animals, including domestic animals like dogs and cats, which can become infected during the blood meal of triatomine vectors.

Drug susceptibility profiles of isolated in the state of São Paulo, 2008-2024.

Infections caused by , an environmentally prevalent, rapidly growing mycobacteria, are increasingly frequent in developed countries. To analyse the drug susceptibility profiles of isolated in the state of São Paulo from 2008 to 2024. Of the 2,402 .

Phenotypic and in silico characterization of carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens clinical strains.

Background: Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic nosocomial Gram-negative bacterium pathogen, has emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections owing to its acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor determinants.

Methods: Four carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens strains were recovered from patients admitted to different hospitals in 2017 and 2018.

Whole-genome sequencing of serovars isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic foals.

spp. are important pathogens of foals, causing clinical enterocolitis and sepsis. We characterized the resistance, virulence, and stress response genes in isolates from foals with or without diarrhea.

Modelling protein-protein interactions for the design of vaccine chimeric antigens with protective epitopes.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a growing burden worldwide and vaccines are effective control interventions. Vaccine formulations with tick antigens such as BM86/BM95 (BM) and Subolesin (SUB) have shown reduction in tick fitness and infestation in immunized hosts. However, antigen combination is a challenging approach to improve vaccine efficacy (E) against multiple tick species.

Bloodstream infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: Epidemiology, Antifungal susceptibility and new drug delivered strategies.

Bloodstream infection in neonates is a complicated disease and presents a major challenge both in diagnosis and in therapeutic intervention. The focus of the present study was to investigate the incidence, the species distribution and the risk factors associated with mortality of bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and evaluating the antifungal susceptibility of traditional antifungal drugs and three nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles. A total of 458 patients were evaluated, and 9.

Performance of Extracellular Vesicles From () for Serological Diagnosis of Human and Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease in which dogs are the main reservoirs. Until now, the serological tests do not present satisfactory sensitivity for diagnosis of these hosts. One of the functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is related to immunological host response.

Turmeric products: Evaluation of curcumin and trace elements.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is valued for its coloring properties, flavor enhancement, functionality, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which help prevent various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of curcumin and trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb) in 30 samples of turmeric capsules.

Evidence of Clinical and Laboratory Correlation of Itraconazole Resistance in Infection: Case Report.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus , among which displays high virulence and transmissibility. So far, classical antifungal agents have been efficient against , but here we describe the first case of therapeutic failure and a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in relation to itraconazole.

Chemokine profile in the serum of patients with leptospirosis.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis that affects more than one million people per year, with a lethality rate of approximately 15%. Chemokines are crucial in the immune response against , recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection and regulating immune activity. In previous studies, we have shown that CCL2, CXCL5, and CCL8 are involved in the leptospirosis process, although the mechanisms are not understood.

Mutations in the main antigenic sites of VP7 and VP8* from G3P[8] rotavirus a strains circulating in Brazil may impact immune evasion to rotavirus vaccination.

In the post-rotavirus (RVA) vaccination era, uncommon and zoonotic strains have emerged as causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans, including the equine-like G3P[8] strains. First identified in 2013, this strain has quickly spread worldwide, reaching the position of the most prevalent genotype in many countries, including Brazil. Here, we report full genotype characterization and phylogenetic analysis of two equine-like G3P[8] strains detected in Goiás, a state in the Cerrado biome of the Brazilian Midwestern region, during the year of 2019.

Emerging zooanthroponotic risks: Detection of the human norovirus GII.4 Sydney[P31] strain in a domestic dog in Brazil.

Recent increases in zoonotic diseases underscore the integration of companion animals into urban environments, posing complex transmission risks and highlighting the necessity of One Health approaches. Respiratory and enteric viruses have been consistently linked to interspecies transmission between humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the circulation of human noroviruses (NoV), human adenoviruses (HAdV), enteroviruses (EV), parechoviruses (PeV-A), human bocaviruses (HBoV), hepatitis A (HAV) and E viruses (HEV), Influenza A and B viruses (Flu A/B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats in Brazil to understand potential zooanthroponosis risks.

A Burkholderia contaminans outbreak in an intensive care unit associated with contaminated bath solution: Control and microbiological findings.

Background: The Burkholderia cepacia complex comprises a group of bacteria with a growing threat as a contaminant of nonsterile solutions. We describe an outbreak of a Burkholderia cepacia complex involving patients at intensive care unit related to a no-rinse bathing solution (NRBS).

Methods: We carried out patients, environmental and laboratory investigation performing analyses of cases, pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequence (WGS) of isolates.