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Despite the widespread utility of transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in organic synthesis, the coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles remains challenging due to sluggish oxidative addition and competing side reactions. Here, we describe a general and practical copper-catalyzed radical deoxyalkynylation of α-unfunctionalized alcohols through a synergistic combination of Barton-McCombie deoxygenation and copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling. Key to the success of this method lies in not only the development of rigid anionic multiple N,N,N-ligand to exert remarkable selectivity of highly reactive unactivated alkyl radicals, but also the selection of one suitable oxidant to suppress Glaser homocoupling and other side products. This method provides a complementary approach for the cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl halides, which face notable difficulties in reaction initiation and bond formation under mild thermal conditions, especially the tertiary variants. This protocol not only exhibits a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners, covering alkyl- and (hetero)aryl alkynes, as well as α-unfunctionalized primary-, secondary-, and tertiary- alcohols with good functional group compatibility, but also facilitates the late-stage functionalization of a series of important natural and bioactive complex molecules.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202517652 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
The direct cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl halides with aryl or heteroaryl partners remains a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry due to their inertness and propensity for side reactions. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free electrochemical halogen-atom transfer strategy that enables efficient alkyl radical cross-coupling via convergent paired electrolysis. In this system, anodically generated α-aminoalkyl radicals mediate the activation of alkyl iodides, while aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes or nitriles undergo cathodic reduction to afford persistent ketyl radical anions or aryl radical anions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Despite the widespread utility of transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in organic synthesis, the coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles remains challenging due to sluggish oxidative addition and competing side reactions. Here, we describe a general and practical copper-catalyzed radical deoxyalkynylation of α-unfunctionalized alcohols through a synergistic combination of Barton-McCombie deoxygenation and copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling. Key to the success of this method lies in not only the development of rigid anionic multiple N,N,N-ligand to exert remarkable selectivity of highly reactive unactivated alkyl radicals, but also the selection of one suitable oxidant to suppress Glaser homocoupling and other side products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
We report herein the first reductive alkylation/aldol reaction via dual nickel/photoredox catalysis. This catalytic strategy completes the traditional approaches that require the performance of reactive organometallic reagents. By the simple assembly of unactivated alkyl halides, α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, and aldehydes in one-pot reaction, a variety of synthetically valuable β-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds can be synthesized under mild conditions with moderate to good yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P.R. China.
Radical-mediated hydroalkylation of alkenes offers a more direct and atom-economical route to α-alkylated carbonyl compounds, enabling the construction of various drug scaffolds, natural products, and functional molecules. However, traditional protocols are generally restricted to active 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and often require oxidants, large excesses of substrates, and harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we present a photoinduced, general, and practical hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with amides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
While intricate designs have been implemented to transform noble-metal complexes and sophisticated organic molecules into reactive photocatalysts for the single-electron reduction of unactivated alkyl halides, the development of highly reducing photocatalytic systems based on earth-abundant metals is still in its early stages. Herein, we show that a simple terpyridine-ligated nickel(II) complex, integrated into an imine-linked covalent organic framework, can be readily reduced by photoexcited Hantzsch esters to produce a heterogeneous nickel(I) photocatalyst with a fairly low excited-state oxidation potential of approximately -3.5 V (referenced to the saturated calomel electrode).
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