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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101253 | DOI Listing |
Nat Hum Behav
September 2025
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Understanding how sentences are represented in the human brain, as well as in large language models (LLMs), poses a substantial challenge for cognitive science. Here we develop a one-shot learning task to investigate whether humans and LLMs encode tree-structured constituents within sentences. Participants (total N = 372, native Chinese or English speakers, and bilingual in Chinese and English) and LLMs (for example, ChatGPT) were asked to infer which words should be deleted from a sentence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Antimicrob Agents
September 2025
Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence IDSIA. USI/SUPSI, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are powerful vectors for the intracellular delivery of a diverse array of therapeutic molecules. Despite their potential, the rational design of CPPs remains a challenging task that often requires extensive experimental efforts and iterations. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach for the de novo design of CPPs, leveraging the strengths of machine learning (ML) and optimization algorithms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsy Res
August 2025
Department of Nursing, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in Czech adult people with epilepsy (PWE) and examined factors potentially contributing to the co-occurrence of these two conditions. Although previous research has consistently reported elevated rates of ADHD in epilepsy populations, data from adult samples in Czech Republic remain limited.
Methods: Fifty-six adults with epilepsy completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (ASRS), anxiety (GAD-2), and depression (NDDIE-2).
PLoS One
September 2025
Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.
Student dropout is a significant challenge in Bangladesh, with serious impacts on both educational and socio-economic outcomes. This study investigates the factors influencing school dropout among students aged 6-24 years, employing data from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The research integrates statistical analysis with machine learning (ML) techniques and explainable AI (XAI) to identify key predictors and enhance model interpretability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerz
September 2025
Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 326000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Background: The protective function of the tetrandrine (TET)-mediated transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) has been established in numerous investigations. The objective of the current study was to explain how TRPV2 further modulates downstream factors to influence the progression of MI/RI.
Methods: To this end, an MI/RI model in rats and a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) cell model in H9c2 cells were constructed.