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Article Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence is rising globally due to an aging population. The role of physical activity (PA) in slowing age-related kidney function decline in the general population remains undecided.
Methods: In the longitudinal Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey (RENIS) cohort, we investigated 1837 individuals without self-reported diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or kidney disease at baseline. Participants underwent repeated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements over 11 years using iohexol clearance. Baseline PA was assessed with the Physical Activity Frequency, Intensity, and Duration (PAFID) questionnaire. Linear mixed models and multiple logistic regression examined the relationship between PA and the GFR change rate and accelerated GFR decline (the steepest 10% of GFR slopes).
Results: Median measured GFR (mGFR) decline was -1.06 ml/min/1.73 m2/year (IQR: -1.31 to -0.80). Higher PA frequency was associated with 71% lower odds of accelerated GFR decline (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.78) compared to those not engaging in PA, after adjustment. PA frequency and meeting the World Health Organization PA recommendations were associated with a slower annual mGFR decline rate before adjusting for smoking and alcohol consumption, with a dose-response trend with increasing PA frequency (P = 0.001). Individuals engaging in approximately daily PA had a slower mGFR decline by 0.47 ml/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.80, P = 0.006).
Conclusion: Increasing PA frequency was associated with a slower mean mGFR decline and a lower risk of accelerated mGFR decline. Promoting regular PA should be prioritized as a low-cost, high-impact strategy to reduce the global CKD burden.
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