Bird habitat network construction in Shenyang City based on improved circuit theory of neighborhood landscape compatibility.

Constructing urban habitat networks can effectively improve the stability of regional ecosystems, increase energy flow and gene exchange in landscape patches, and play a crucial role in urban biodiversity conservation. With urban area of Shenyang City as the study area, we identified the source of bird habitats from three dimensions: morphology-quality-neighborhood. From the three dimensions of environmental elements, architectural index, and anthropogenic interference, we superimposed 12 resistance factors to construct resistance surfaces. The theoretical circuit model was improved through neighborhood landscape compatibility analysis to identify bird habitat pinch points and obstacle points, and to comprehensively construct a source-corridor-node urban bird habitat network. The results showed that 41 high-quality habitat source sites were identified, representing 2.2% of the number of patches in the core area. The habitat source sites were refined into 3 levels through neighborhood analysis. 39 potential habitat corridors were identified, with a total corridor length of 323.74 km and an average length of 8.30 km, mainly concentrated on the north side of the Hunhe River, occupying 35 habitat corridors, with the highest quality in the central and eastern parts of the area, and weaker in the west. Based on the spatial relationship of bird habitat corridors, 43 habitat pinch points and 30 habitat barrier points were identified to construct a bird habitat optimization network. The study focused on the method of urban habitat network construction by improving circuit theory with neighborhood landscape analysis, considered the effect of landscape patch compatibility on cumulative resistance. Our results could precisely describe the source and sink processes of ecological flows, provide theoretical references for the construction of urban ecological security patterns oriented to biodiversity conservation in the context of territorial spatial planning.