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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation capacities. The stemness of CSCs is the fundamental cause of tumor progression and treatment resistance. The stemness index, evaluating the number and activity of CSCs, is a crucial indicator predicting various aspects of tumor behavior such as growth, metastasis, and prognosis. With the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in data analysis and machine learning, the identification and understanding of CSCs' stemness characteristics have improved. The AI-based analysis allows for processing vast datasets and recognizing patterns that assist in comprehending the role of CSCs in cancer development. The utilization of AI to analyze and compute the stemness index holds significant clinical relevance in tumor diagnosis and treatment. This approach provides more precise and personalized information, potentially influencing treatment strategies. Therefore, tailoring treatments specifically targeting CSCs is highly imperative and may enhance therapeutic efficacy and outcomes in cancer patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1608712 | DOI Listing |
Adv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Resea
TP53 mutations are highly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common and deadly cancer. However, few primary drivers in the progression of HCC with mutant TP53 have been identified. To uncover tumor suppressors in human HCC, a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based screening of primary human hepatocytes with MYC and TP53 overexpression (MT-PHHs) is performed in xenografts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJOR Spine
September 2025
Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) Shanghai People's Republic of China.
Background: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a pathological condition characterized by ectopic ossification of spinal ligaments, primarily driven by abnormal osteogenic differentiation of ligament fibroblasts with stem cell-like properties. The SOX transcription factor family is crucial in regulating cell stemness and differentiation. Among them, SOX8 is known to influence osteoblast differentiation, but its role in OPLL remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ther Oncol
September 2025
Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS - Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies are the most recommended first-line treatment for wild-type unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines. However, primary resistance renders this treatment ineffective for almost 40% of patients. Our previous work identified Aurora kinase A (AURKA) as a key resistance driver through non-canonical, Hippo-independent Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
Despite the expanding clinical application of second-generation anti-androgens like enzalutamide (ENZ) in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC), therapeutic resistance culminating in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) persists as an unresolved clinical crisis. Through comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of ENZ-naïve and ENZ-treated tumors, an expansion of ENZ-resistant myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast (designated STEAP4 myoCAF) is identified that correlates with adverse clinical outcomes. Strikingly, STEAP4 myoCAF demonstrated intrinsic ENZ resistance through a mechanistically novel pathway involving transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3)-mediated autophagy activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Deliv Transl Res
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
The three-dimensional (3D) culture system has emerged as an indispensable platform for modulating stem cell function in biomedicine, drug screening, and cell therapy. Despite a few studies confirming the functionality of 3D culture, the molecular factors underlying this process remain obscure. Here, we have utilized a hanging drop method to generate 3D spheroid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (3D MSCs) and compared them to conventionally 2D-cultured MSCs.
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