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Purpose: Individuals with hearing loss typically experience greater listening effort, which is the additional recruitment of cognitive/mental resources such as attention and memory to understand speech and can be aversive and tiring. Reducing effort is an important goal of the hearing health care industry. Pupillometry is an objective and increasingly popular measure of listening effort, but gold standard measures of pupil size are expensive and unwieldy. The purpose of this study was to compare a low-cost and portable pupillometry device (Gazepoint GP3 HD) to a more traditional gold standard pupillometry tool (EyeLink 1000) for indexing listening effort via pupil size.
Method: Twenty normal-hearing young adults (age range: 18-23 years) were recruited in this study. Participants' pupil size was measured using the Gazepoint and EyeLink pupillometry devices while listening to Hearing in Noise Test sentences in stationary speech-shaped noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) ranging from -8 to +8 dB.
Results: Participants' word report accuracy increased from approximately 12% to 100% when the SNRs increased from -8 to +8 dB. Peak pupil diameter decreased for both devices and was smaller with the Gazepoint device. Data quality was comparable for the two devices.
Conclusion: Gazepoint appeared to be an effective pupillometry device that records pupil dilation across a wide range of SNRs, without interfering with the auditory task.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00190 | DOI Listing |
HNO
September 2025
Hörzentrum Düsseldorf, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
Background And Objective: Speech comprehension in a foreign language under noise conditions presents an increased cognitive demand. For multilingual patients with cochlear implants (PwCI), this poses a particular challenge, as audiological routine diagnostics are typically conducted in the language of the clinical environment. This study investigates speech understanding in noise as well as the subjectively perceived listening effort in PwCI compared to normal-hearing (NH) individuals under both native and nonnative language conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Hear
September 2025
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
While blink analysis was traditionally conducted within vision research, recent studies suggest that blinks might reflect a more general cognitive strategy for resource allocation, including with auditory tasks, but its use within the fields of Audiology or Psychoacoustics remains scarce and its interpretation largely speculative. It is hypothesized that as listening conditions become more difficult, the number of blinks would decrease, especially during stimulus presentation, because it reflects a window of alertness. In experiment 1, 21 participants were presented with 80 sentences at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs): 0, + 7, + 14 dB and in quiet, in a sound-proof room with gaze and luminance controlled (75 lux).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Hear
September 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Understanding speech in noise is a common challenge for older adults, often requiring increased listening effort that can deplete cognitive resources and impair higher-order functions. Hearing aids are the gold standard intervention for hearing loss, but cost and accessibility barriers have driven interest in alternatives such as Personal Sound Amplification Products (PSAPs). While PSAPs are not medical devices, they may help reduce listening effort in certain contexts, though supporting evidence remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
August 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Understanding speech in noise depends on several interacting factors, including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), speech intelligibility (SI), and attentional engagement. However, how these factors relate to selective neural speech tracking remains unclear. In this study, we recorded EEG and eye-tracking data while participants performed a selective listening task involving a target talker in the presence of a competing masker talker and background noise across a wide range of SNRs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHear Res
August 2025
Hearing Research Laboratory, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to examine the neurophysiological effects of active noise cancellation (ANC) technology on cognitive performance in noisy environments. Forty-one normal-hearing adults performed an auditory decision-making task in ANC ON and ANC OFF conditions. During the task, concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin (Δoxy-Hb) in the prefrontal cortex were measured, subjective listening effort was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), and behavioral performance measures (accuracy and reaction time) were collected.
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