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This article introduces an analytical framework for modeling head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) from a listener-centered perspective. The distinction between strong (or general) HRTFs, aiming for idealized physical acoustic fidelity, and weak (or narrow) HRTFs, prioritizing perceptual adequacy in task-specific contexts, frames the contrast in multiple contrasting definitions and scientific methodologies by drawing inspiration from the debate in artificial intelligence. The proposed formalism adopts a Bayesian structure that models HRTFs through a state-space formulation capturing anatomical, contextual, experiential, and task-related factors: the eHRTF. The "e" emphasizes the egocentric perspective, transforming HRTFs from static measurements into mutable auditory representations continuously updated through the listener's feedback. Satisfaction regions are defined in probabilistic terms and characterize how different classes of HRTFs, i.e., individual, generic, super, and personalized, meet perceptual requirements under varying tasks and their complexity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0038961 | DOI Listing |
JASA Express Lett
August 2025
Department of Engineering and Management, University of Padova, Vicenza, 36100,
This article introduces an analytical framework for modeling head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) from a listener-centered perspective. The distinction between strong (or general) HRTFs, aiming for idealized physical acoustic fidelity, and weak (or narrow) HRTFs, prioritizing perceptual adequacy in task-specific contexts, frames the contrast in multiple contrasting definitions and scientific methodologies by drawing inspiration from the debate in artificial intelligence. The proposed formalism adopts a Bayesian structure that models HRTFs through a state-space formulation capturing anatomical, contextual, experiential, and task-related factors: the eHRTF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHear Res
August 2025
Dyson School of Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Binaural hearing underpins effective communication in complex acoustic environments by increasing listeners' abilities to segregate concurrent sound sources. In certain conditions, interaural magnification of binaural cues has been shown to improve speech intelligibility in competing target masker scenarios, yet existing methods primarily comprise hearing aid algorithms, which, due to processing constraints, cause unwanted artefacts. Moreover, the perceptual effects of applying interaural magnification directly to a person's own head-related transfer function (HRTF) remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acoust Soc Am
August 2025
Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, United Kingdom.
Sound source localization relies on spatial cues, such as interaural time differences, interaural level differences, and monaural spectral cues. Individually measured head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) facilitate precise spatial hearing but are impractical to measure, necessitating non-individual HRTFs, which may compromise localization accuracy and externalization. To further investigate this phenomenon, the neurophysiological differences between free-field and non-individual HRTF listening are explored by decoding sound locations from EEG-derived event-related potentials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acoust Soc Am
July 2025
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
Toothed whales possess specialized anatomical structures in the head, including thin, excavated lower mandible embedded in mandibular fat bodies (MFBs), complex skull morphology fused with the upper jaw, and extensive air spaces surrounding the middle ears and beneath the skull. In this study, finite element modeling is used to investigate how these structures influence the transmission of water-borne sounds to the ears. The models are based on volumetric representations derived from computed tomography scans of a live bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anat
July 2025
Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
The physical characteristics of an animal's head and pinna mark the beginning of auditory communication. Auditory communication is broadly achieved by receiving sounds from the environment and plays a vital role in an animal's ability to perceive and localize sounds. Natural history museums and collections, along with their vast repositories of specimens, provide a unique resource for examining how the variability in both the size and shape of the head and pinna causes variability in the detection of acoustic signals across species.
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