Treatment Patterns of Patients With Multiple Myeloma in a Real-World Setting in Spain. How are Triple-Class Exposed Patients Being Managed?

Objective: We aim to describe multiple myeloma (MM) characteristics and treatment patterns in Spain, focusing on triple-class exposed (TCE) population.

Methods: In this non-interventional, cross-sectional, retrospective study, real-world treatment data between October 2022 and September 2023 were collected from Oncology Dynamics and Oncology Advantage datasets. The proportion of TCE patients was described by line of therapy (LOT).

Results: In total, 1206 MM patients were analyzed. Of them, 717 patients were newly diagnosed MM and 489 were relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) patients. In RRMM patients, treatment patterns were heterogeneous, mainly with lenalidomide- and pomalidomide-based regimens in the second and third/subsequent LOT, respectively. Among patients with ≥ 3 LOT, 82 different treatment sequences were identified. Currently, a total of 331 (27.4%) patients were TCE, with a notably increase by LOT: 15.9% receiving triple-class agents in the first, 56.9% in the second and 62.1% in the third/subsequent LOTs. To note, only a 7.13% of patients (n = 86) were TCE at the beginning of their current treatment.

Conclusions: This study shows the increasingly incidence of TCE-MM patients, appearing from the first LOT. TCE treatment is challenging and identifying treatments with new mechanism of actions regardless of LOTs, will be key to optimize the management of this population.