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This case report describes a female in her 20 s who developed dengue encephalitis, presenting with fever, headache, vomiting and altered sensorium progressing to encephalopathy. Initial tests revealed elevated white blood cells, thrombocytopenia, and liver enzyme abnormalities. On day 2 of illness, The patient tested positive for dengue NS1 antigen and CSF PCR for DENV-2. Imaging showed bilateral thalamic oedema, later progressing to haemorrhage and diffuse cerebral oedema. Despite supportive care, her condition rapidly worsened, leading to death on day 7 of illness. The case highlights the challenges in diagnosing dengue encephalitis, particularly in the absence of definitive serological markers. It underscores the need for early detection, supportive care, and advanced diagnostic techniques in managing severe dengue cases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117057 | DOI Listing |
Int J Infect Dis
September 2025
Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 OPQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
MSMR
August 2025
Australian Defense Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Queensland.
Arboviruses pose a significant health threat to U.S. military personnel deployed in the U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
September 2025
Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857, Singapore.
Owing to increased global movement, vector-spread permissive climate change, and increased vaccination coverage against certain flaviviruses, the likelihood of being exposed to multiple flaviviruses in a lifetime has increased. Although many Asian countries have routine vaccination campaigns against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the effect of JEV immunity on dengue disease severity is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to understand the effect of preexisting immunity against JEV on subsequent dengue disease outcomes in a prospective human cohort in Nepal, which has a high prevalence of JEV immunity and rapidly rising dengue virus (DENV) infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ
September 2025
Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
Background: The genus primarily consists of arthropod-borne viruses capable of infecting vertebrate hosts and causing serious human diseases such as dengue fever, Zika fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, and yellow fever. This study describes the development of a simple and field-deployable detection system for multiple pathogenic orthoflavivirus species using the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique.
Methods: Several previously published broad-specific primers targeting the genus were evaluated.
Cell Rep
August 2025
Department of Virology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
Mosquito saliva facilitates pathogen transmission and enhances the severity of diseases caused by mosquito-borne viruses; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mosquito salivary gland extracts (SGEs) enhance flaviviral pathogenicity in vivo by activating innate immune responses following the accumulation of immune cells at the infection site. Among the innate immune signaling pathways, the TLR2 pathway enhances flaviviral pathogenicity in a manner similar to that of SGEs.
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