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To fully address the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for ultra-high bandwidth efficiency (BE) application, a hybrid integrated forward error correction (FEC) equalization (IFE) scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a coherent optical interconnection system. The estimation for the channel response affected with severe ISI is realized by an adaptive linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalizer, assisted with soft-input soft-output (SISO) information by low density parity check (LDPC) decoder, allowing simultaneously accurate ISI deduction and reliable FEC decoding. The proof-of-concept experiments are investigated in a 60 GBaud polarization division multiplexed 16 quadrature amplitude modulation system within a 5-GHz ultra-narrow bandwidth receiver. The results show that the proposed IFE scheme successfully obtains more than 3-dB optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) gain compared with the serial, independent structure of the equalizer and the FEC decoder at the BER threshold of 1 × 10. The validity comparison of ISI reduction ability between traditional soft-decision maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and the proposed IFE scheme has been experimentally investigated, with the proposed scheme demonstrating greater robustness.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.564077 | DOI Listing |
To fully address the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for ultra-high bandwidth efficiency (BE) application, a hybrid integrated forward error correction (FEC) equalization (IFE) scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a coherent optical interconnection system. The estimation for the channel response affected with severe ISI is realized by an adaptive linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalizer, assisted with soft-input soft-output (SISO) information by low density parity check (LDPC) decoder, allowing simultaneously accurate ISI deduction and reliable FEC decoding. The proof-of-concept experiments are investigated in a 60 GBaud polarization division multiplexed 16 quadrature amplitude modulation system within a 5-GHz ultra-narrow bandwidth receiver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
August 2025
Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Background: Since the state-supported health insurance schemes (SSHIS) began in Nigeria, the perspectives of implementers and other administrative actors have been under-documented in the program evaluations. Bridging this information gap is crucial to addressing the challenges impeding the scheme's impact. This study, therefore, investigated the administrative stakeholders' perspective on the implementation and sustainability of the SSHIS in Nigeria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLOS Glob Public Health
August 2025
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Texila American University, GuyanaGeorgetown, Guyana.
Child health deprivations differ by socio-cultural differences and some demographic and socio-economic factors. Deprivation may be more pronounced by the geo-political zones/regions in Nigeria given the differences in their socio-cultural, education, religion, and economic particularly between the North and the South geo-political zones. Thus, this study examined regional variations in child health deprivation and its associated factors in Nigeria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
August 2025
The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China.
Nonvolatile organic field-effect transistor (OFET) memory devices have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as lightweightedness and nonvolatile readout. With the increasing demand for storage capacity and efficiency, it is extremely important to design high-capacity and stable OFET memory devices. Here, we propose a universal and convenient supramolecular blended strategy to conveniently prepare in situ the uniform size-tunable nanocolumn (NC) structures and further improve the charge capture ability in organic field-effect transistor (OFET) memory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cancer Policy
September 2025
Department of Medicine, V.N Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Square, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine. Electronic address:
Financial toxicity, the economic burden experienced by patients due to cancer treatment, has emerged as a critical concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where health systems are often under-resourced and out-of-pocket expenditure dominates healthcare financing. This narrative review explores the financial toxicity associated with surgical cancer treatment in LMICs, highlighting its multifaceted impact on patients and health systems. Drawing on current literature, we examined direct medical costs, non-medical expenses, income loss, and coping strategies such as debt and asset depletion.
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